{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW","short_pith_number":"pith:4THFZGET","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"6be6722108136c48284589bfdd8ccde9f6ff1dabd628d4adf342ca2d2d2c52ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"80e2b35bf2291d39f994b2c29adec5a2c7ab2fc04a25bd8c6b15a7b250997e81"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e4ce5c9893046ecd55ed8439df4bf34d8680587f0581b2f9532083b01ccb276d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.16891","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.16891","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.16891v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.16891","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4THFZGETARXM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4THFZGETARXM2VPN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4THFZGET","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"6be6722108136c48284589bfdd8ccde9f6ff1dabd628d4adf342ca2d2d2c52ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"80e2b35bf2291d39f994b2c29adec5a2c7ab2fc04a25bd8c6b15a7b250997e81"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e4ce5c9893046ecd55ed8439df4bf34d8680587f0581b2f9532083b01ccb276d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.183152Z","signature_b64":"KEETVWQ1qucWEM7Vog5QqKK6qXnHo1QZNJDV3iP1tKi9WIvqsKJEzTNwL621a+JJeT2eWkpEOjVP4mjhPWWMBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e4ce5c9893046ecd55ed8439df4bf34d8680587f0581b2f9532083b01ccb276d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.182684Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.182684Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.16891","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pz4Nu+6aZohQSUXQlqak5h2mk//+yBV+rFKUqD/F1YHMiy/jh5rydwk65KALZeTzQ4wECWet6Roi2vVX9t+0DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T05:33:56.299556Z"},"content_sha256":"b043126d360b47030bd9da3af6714f90874035f042c672746b2f130d6172d2e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b043126d360b47030bd9da3af6714f90874035f042c672746b2f130d6172d2e4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cultural Value Differences of LLMs: Prompt, Language, and Model Size","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Aixin Sun, Qishuai Zhong, Yike Yun","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Our study aims to identify behavior patterns in cultural values exhibited by large language models (LLMs). The studied variants include question ordering, prompting language, and model size. Our experiments reveal that each tested LLM can efficiently behave with different cultural values. More interestingly: (i) LLMs exhibit relatively consistent cultural values when presented with prompts in a single language. (ii) The prompting language e.g., Chinese or English, can influence the expression of cultural values. The same question can elicit divergent cultural values when the same LLM is querie"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.16891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dOq95hZXZrxe99+jnaNsWkkUm+85Yhf/VuTlsKgYHRdRQaHj+95l9IewQU4/1T94YlgrIwUPEZimt95OB7OcBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T05:33:56.300080Z"},"content_sha256":"d5c5fb06f1b6fbbddff58ab26dcc7ccb00a9e87fa76f038817b652d827944108","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d5c5fb06f1b6fbbddff58ab26dcc7ccb00a9e87fa76f038817b652d827944108"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T05:33:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4THFZGETARXM2VPNQQ456S7TJW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80e2b35bf2291d39f994b2c29adec5a2c7ab2fc04a25bd8c6b15a7b250997e81","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"6be6722108136c48284589bfdd8ccde9f6ff1dabd628d4adf342ca2d2d2c52ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.16891","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.16891v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.16891","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4THFZGETARXM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4THFZGETARXM2VPN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4THFZGET","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d5c5fb06f1b6fbbddff58ab26dcc7ccb00a9e87fa76f038817b652d827944108","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.16891/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Our study aims to identify behavior patterns in cultural values exhibited by large language models (LLMs). The studied variants include question ordering, prompting language, and model size. Our experiments reveal that each tested LLM can efficiently behave with different cultural values. More interestingly: (i) LLMs exhibit relatively consistent cultural values when presented with prompts in a single language. (ii) The prompting language e.g., Chinese or English, can influence the expression of cultural values. The same question can elicit divergent cultural values when the same LLM is querie","authors_text":"Aixin Sun, Qishuai Zhong, Yike Yun","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","title":"Cultural Value Differences of LLMs: Prompt, Language, and Model Size"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b043126d360b47030bd9da3af6714f90874035f042c672746b2f130d6172d2e4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80e2b35bf2291d39f994b2c29adec5a2c7ab2fc04a25bd8c6b15a7b250997e81","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T12:35:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"6be6722108136c48284589bfdd8ccde9f6ff1dabd628d4adf342ca2d2d2c52ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.16891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e4ce5c9893046ecd55ed8439df4bf34d8680587f0581b2f9532083b01ccb276d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e4ce5c9893046ecd55ed8439df4bf34d8680587f0581b2f9532083b01ccb276d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.182684Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.182684Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KEETVWQ1qucWEM7Vog5QqKK6qXnHo1QZNJDV3iP1tKi9WIvqsKJEzTNwL621a+JJeT2eWkpEOjVP4mjhPWWMBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:47:58.183152Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.16891","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b043126d360b47030bd9da3af6714f90874035f042c672746b2f130d6172d2e4","sha256:d5c5fb06f1b6fbbddff58ab26dcc7ccb00a9e87fa76f038817b652d827944108"],"state_sha256":"df57d90ed2da5ea472c08ef71ed7a5b2581cab153f6923adfc55d348fb79a8f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+oPlKiOUuAK8pn/XVOfl1da+xkaRLQHoox0ha0clN/hSn4jtX1XOM1RTo9mw/m4totKFo72YPI1mXxYWaf+jCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T05:33:56.305250Z","bundle_sha256":"5f5251fc36260e68d9ab1d40a9400b70b7c0541d576258174a19b2f3bea1bb91"}}