{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS","short_pith_number":"pith:4U67G6QN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7d20f26e138632f36c169b6b1e03576f3c3fabbb45ee39d6d779d375c1f113d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d7b708b5f1c1da17e95803d9e6a9fe39f5774e4426092751bd59e39f0dd5509"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e53df37a0d0a1a393f90e136a840b354a5318cb7885faaf3dbff0af211fba250","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.03023","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.03023","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.03023v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.03023","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4U67G6QNBIND","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4U67G6QN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7d20f26e138632f36c169b6b1e03576f3c3fabbb45ee39d6d779d375c1f113d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d7b708b5f1c1da17e95803d9e6a9fe39f5774e4426092751bd59e39f0dd5509"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e53df37a0d0a1a393f90e136a840b354a5318cb7885faaf3dbff0af211fba250","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929861Z","signature_b64":"XNqhrZPIMRj0CdOS3iSNj4r1vNMqgTUe3Ta80LBZWv0eyGCAnnxSOdB6LvLTmo4FWmB8Jb+AbIjTSc0wLbBmDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e53df37a0d0a1a393f90e136a840b354a5318cb7885faaf3dbff0af211fba250","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929378Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929378Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.03023","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s1nnC/9sEqPMVJxy8qWcAf47wVoEVZA/whESrY7B8HW564r1MOmhzQXKKxdYgmWTBG9uIkrVLda2+WvCwzpQDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T20:47:09.881317Z"},"content_sha256":"441a0685802c7c472ff9e2fe95fe5c47732f4d71c94b2cf69b69e5fc5bf9e9d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:441a0685802c7c472ff9e2fe95fe5c47732f4d71c94b2cf69b69e5fc5bf9e9d7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Variational ansatz-based quantum simulation of imaginary time evolution","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Sam McArdle, Simon Benjamin, Suguru Endo, Tyson Jones, Xiao Yuan, Ying Li","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Imaginary time evolution is a powerful tool for studying quantum systems. While it is possible to simulate with a classical computer, the time and memory requirements generally scale exponentially with the system size. Conversely, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum systems, but not non-unitary imaginary time evolution. We propose a variational algorithm for simulating imaginary time evolution on a hybrid quantum computer. We use this algorithm to find the ground-state energy of many-particle systems; specifically molecular hydrogen and lithium hydride, finding the ground state "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1804.03023/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2s9v84gea6PO5Jv9vedDoZENeTMiLGL41MklvozEK7wWGWvgymoCcQI5kPfrKxAVz+R2495LApnwGtPNqFdPAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T20:47:09.881907Z"},"content_sha256":"e698e23d329ac5e075d4bfd31443423b6d344d55438ff0f6710c06cb2b7fdf30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e698e23d329ac5e075d4bfd31443423b6d344d55438ff0f6710c06cb2b7fdf30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T20:47:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q4E3KQQFTKS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d7b708b5f1c1da17e95803d9e6a9fe39f5774e4426092751bd59e39f0dd5509","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d20f26e138632f36c169b6b1e03576f3c3fabbb45ee39d6d779d375c1f113d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.03023","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.03023v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.03023","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4U67G6QNBIND","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4U67G6QNBINDSP4Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4U67G6QN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e698e23d329ac5e075d4bfd31443423b6d344d55438ff0f6710c06cb2b7fdf30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1804.03023/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Imaginary time evolution is a powerful tool for studying quantum systems. While it is possible to simulate with a classical computer, the time and memory requirements generally scale exponentially with the system size. Conversely, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum systems, but not non-unitary imaginary time evolution. We propose a variational algorithm for simulating imaginary time evolution on a hybrid quantum computer. We use this algorithm to find the ground-state energy of many-particle systems; specifically molecular hydrogen and lithium hydride, finding the ground state ","authors_text":"Sam McArdle, Simon Benjamin, Suguru Endo, Tyson Jones, Xiao Yuan, Ying Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","title":"Variational ansatz-based quantum simulation of imaginary time evolution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:441a0685802c7c472ff9e2fe95fe5c47732f4d71c94b2cf69b69e5fc5bf9e9d7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d7b708b5f1c1da17e95803d9e6a9fe39f5774e4426092751bd59e39f0dd5509","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-04-09T14:36:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d20f26e138632f36c169b6b1e03576f3c3fabbb45ee39d6d779d375c1f113d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.03023","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"e53df37a0d0a1a393f90e136a840b354a5318cb7885faaf3dbff0af211fba250","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e53df37a0d0a1a393f90e136a840b354a5318cb7885faaf3dbff0af211fba250","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929378Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929378Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XNqhrZPIMRj0CdOS3iSNj4r1vNMqgTUe3Ta80LBZWv0eyGCAnnxSOdB6LvLTmo4FWmB8Jb+AbIjTSc0wLbBmDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:04:36.929861Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.03023","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:441a0685802c7c472ff9e2fe95fe5c47732f4d71c94b2cf69b69e5fc5bf9e9d7","sha256:e698e23d329ac5e075d4bfd31443423b6d344d55438ff0f6710c06cb2b7fdf30"],"state_sha256":"474f6f9cc4e5189e0a64ac70c61497aee51d2ef329b0191437c05457a7ad8c7e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TuvM4MV3BSJvQAamzMtiUC4wmeM+VNIzG7UD0uV/c8WVwkaesC7wXPGeMs3eoiPS5bSDT5HUiRa/x3KholVVDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T20:47:09.889093Z","bundle_sha256":"f3f19e4b59a2aaa235ed4e01a155c0ce9cea89adb13aa128fafe11f2f25098f5"}}