{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX","short_pith_number":"pith:4UKLVDVC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e514ba8ea2f23384596f767d7d94dd75db6fc85d0b91ff934f8c8d16e546f179","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.11483","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Morphological Irregularity Correlates with Frequency","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ryan Cotterell, Shijie Wu, Timothy J. O'Donnell","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:03:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a study of morphological irregularity. Following recent work, we define an information-theoretic measure of irregularity based on the predictability of forms in a language. Using a neural transduction model, we estimate this quantity for the forms in 28 languages. We first present several validatory and exploratory analyses of irregularity. We then show that our analyses provide evidence for a correlation between irregularity and frequency: higher frequency items are more likely to be irregular and irregular items are more likely be highly frequent. To our knowledge, this result is "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.11483","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:03:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c57cb196004015d2dee49da0c8b78a9d300bbe87be1c7b2035599d8ffae8b51e","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc09504afe7a6705f3a102533436fee46e132d1e64c5f6d3b491768ff38e8139"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.731232Z","signature_b64":"/r3w32ME61ubB2pH6z411vnSy+JtR5V7KZfGgu90okdrqJ9fBDMnfTSvfGHxnenoROMSUx8WV7t+V3PpuCZfAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e514ba8ea2f23384596f767d7d94dd75db6fc85d0b91ff934f8c8d16e546f179","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730597Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730597Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Morphological Irregularity Correlates with Frequency","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ryan Cotterell, Shijie Wu, Timothy J. O'Donnell","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:03:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a study of morphological irregularity. Following recent work, we define an information-theoretic measure of irregularity based on the predictability of forms in a language. Using a neural transduction model, we estimate this quantity for the forms in 28 languages. We first present several validatory and exploratory analyses of irregularity. We then show that our analyses provide evidence for a correlation between irregularity and frequency: higher frequency items are more likely to be irregular and irregular items are more likely be highly frequent. To our knowledge, this result is "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.11483","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.11483","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730678+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.11483v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730678+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.11483","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730678+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4UKLVDVC6IZY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10.108867+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10.108867+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4UKLVDVC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10.108867+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX","json":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4UKLVDVC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4UKLVDVC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1906.11483&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/4UKLVDVC6IZYIWLPOZ6X3FG5OX/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730678+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:04.730678+00:00"}