{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD","short_pith_number":"pith:4UQTCE3Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"95bcf7585cb53bf7652142c233285d5a4ec3f297c8af110c6892aa4cd459b1d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"31afd3be535d2f229a38405d75ea51a29b142ecd79d7fa8fa185ab6dc73d2030"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e52131137866d9e6f00d64c59e66ff70c4b2488dd0415175a4c8c98783f5dbef","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2006.14580","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.14580","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.14580v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.14580","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4UQTCE3YM3M6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4UQTCE3YM3M6N4AN","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4UQTCE3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"95bcf7585cb53bf7652142c233285d5a4ec3f297c8af110c6892aa4cd459b1d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"31afd3be535d2f229a38405d75ea51a29b142ecd79d7fa8fa185ab6dc73d2030"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e52131137866d9e6f00d64c59e66ff70c4b2488dd0415175a4c8c98783f5dbef","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961573Z","signature_b64":"FQinZEzPMkmfCkWgDAcMGxm5lHFwkYc62z/wha57ERRsOwOdY817A+UteGMtqpcB542/7R67f8FcU24viOQsCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e52131137866d9e6f00d64c59e66ff70c4b2488dd0415175a4c8c98783f5dbef","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961160Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961160Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2006.14580","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v7VkIMBZNVn15fJ6sRE9dCQHkSVAg7i23Py8CZ1lfKEE2d9b4htOAxuGBjE1NdUekkal85CqQgUrAmhWhZuBDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:13:43.344442Z"},"content_sha256":"432e116a3846b379e98b4f5286429957d0b54866cef904fa3eff5cb5e4313635","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:432e116a3846b379e98b4f5286429957d0b54866cef904fa3eff5cb5e4313635"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Learning Systems in the Physical World","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Arjun Bhagoji, Ben Y. Zhao, Emily Wenger, Haitao Zheng, Josephine Passananti, Yuanshun Yao","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Backdoor attacks embed hidden malicious behaviors into deep learning models, which only activate and cause misclassifications on model inputs containing a specific trigger. Existing works on backdoor attacks and defenses, however, mostly focus on digital attacks that use digitally generated patterns as triggers. A critical question remains unanswered: can backdoor attacks succeed using physical objects as triggers, thus making them a credible threat against deep learning systems in the real world? We conduct a detailed empirical study to explore this question for facial recognition, a critical"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2006.14580/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YzZ1yKtjrnufZ4R5h2RLICGsz46Exnmw+uOlAbdO/dn/IHVdiF5Pkwdq2k5cfcYEEu1nJ3p6BCFMWi2RbIVlCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:13:43.344936Z"},"content_sha256":"50c176ed094a151902c4d57028ade1a214e7c497179d45469e59981e052d091d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50c176ed094a151902c4d57028ade1a214e7c497179d45469e59981e052d091d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T14:13:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4UQTCE3YM3M6N4ANMTCZ4ZX7OD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"31afd3be535d2f229a38405d75ea51a29b142ecd79d7fa8fa185ab6dc73d2030","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"95bcf7585cb53bf7652142c233285d5a4ec3f297c8af110c6892aa4cd459b1d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.14580","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.14580v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.14580","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4UQTCE3YM3M6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4UQTCE3YM3M6N4AN","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4UQTCE3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:50c176ed094a151902c4d57028ade1a214e7c497179d45469e59981e052d091d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2006.14580/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Backdoor attacks embed hidden malicious behaviors into deep learning models, which only activate and cause misclassifications on model inputs containing a specific trigger. Existing works on backdoor attacks and defenses, however, mostly focus on digital attacks that use digitally generated patterns as triggers. A critical question remains unanswered: can backdoor attacks succeed using physical objects as triggers, thus making them a credible threat against deep learning systems in the real world? We conduct a detailed empirical study to explore this question for facial recognition, a critical","authors_text":"Arjun Bhagoji, Ben Y. Zhao, Emily Wenger, Haitao Zheng, Josephine Passananti, Yuanshun Yao","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","title":"Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Learning Systems in the Physical World"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:432e116a3846b379e98b4f5286429957d0b54866cef904fa3eff5cb5e4313635","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"31afd3be535d2f229a38405d75ea51a29b142ecd79d7fa8fa185ab6dc73d2030","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-06-25T17:26:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"95bcf7585cb53bf7652142c233285d5a4ec3f297c8af110c6892aa4cd459b1d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.14580","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"e52131137866d9e6f00d64c59e66ff70c4b2488dd0415175a4c8c98783f5dbef","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e52131137866d9e6f00d64c59e66ff70c4b2488dd0415175a4c8c98783f5dbef","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961160Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961160Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FQinZEzPMkmfCkWgDAcMGxm5lHFwkYc62z/wha57ERRsOwOdY817A+UteGMtqpcB542/7R67f8FcU24viOQsCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:11:53.961573Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2006.14580","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:432e116a3846b379e98b4f5286429957d0b54866cef904fa3eff5cb5e4313635","sha256:50c176ed094a151902c4d57028ade1a214e7c497179d45469e59981e052d091d"],"state_sha256":"90472b6b8032321274688d22ccd982ff958cfa7f184684e501d771c450a73ddc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KEJq4d8JQfWv7xRlwxB90xHgaEaL/N4nylN8r/AoMESPiTkRxjixzllQoXaYZC+KotABo20FGjfIO54hdGnvBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:13:43.348745Z","bundle_sha256":"f8fe1a18fd94b4e071359bd60737669791bf47c1cc288a2b45de6da0d3070c8b"}}