{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:4WUXDV4FCQWGBF5NHMFWV625ZV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"10c43117cba2282627a458d426a24b3a66118955923545897af37252b027d0e3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2016-08-16T02:56:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"114c55971d217efba6d909fd4a90b2ed8bcacd44f8db8e91778f8cef774b1a5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.04468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.04468","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.04468v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.04468","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4WUXDV4FCQWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4WUXDV4FCQWGBF5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4WUXDV4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bafe0f10639860272639f1e5956ecc5110f4da290d05774245ddde849a4b41ef","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Implicit feedback (e.g., clicks, dwell times, etc.) is an abundant source of data in human-interactive systems. While implicit feedback has many advantages (e.g., it is inexpensive to collect, user centric, and timely), its inherent biases are a key obstacle to its effective use. For example, position bias in search rankings strongly influences how many clicks a result receives, so that directly using click data as a training signal in Learning-to-Rank (LTR) methods yields sub-optimal results. To overcome this bias problem, we present a counterfactual inference framework that provides the theo","authors_text":"Adith Swaminathan, Thorsten Joachims, Tobias Schnabel","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2016-08-16T02:56:24Z","title":"Unbiased Learning-to-Rank with Biased Feedback"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.04468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:83d084d81d532c7cc4b2a1cbbb30b57134e374bc8cdd776834d78619e69fae1a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"10c43117cba2282627a458d426a24b3a66118955923545897af37252b027d0e3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2016-08-16T02:56:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"114c55971d217efba6d909fd4a90b2ed8bcacd44f8db8e91778f8cef774b1a5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.04468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e5a971d785142c6097ad3b0b6afb5dcd72b14e2106f6dbd165a1c708389bf0c1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e5a971d785142c6097ad3b0b6afb5dcd72b14e2106f6dbd165a1c708389bf0c1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37.173690Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37.173690Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VTa/O8AIgnMQib6PZEmkD30j23jjSVYBoNntoQffKXBb4HNTYEzhTFM3WiDG7zLic/LPBSzSFCvq0oF0Hi1DAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:37.174365Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.04468","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:83d084d81d532c7cc4b2a1cbbb30b57134e374bc8cdd776834d78619e69fae1a","sha256:bafe0f10639860272639f1e5956ecc5110f4da290d05774245ddde849a4b41ef"],"state_sha256":"3a03a3cba457c329422d1bbe72b2027ddf460931cf195f1eca1ee4fbcd082833"}