{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54","short_pith_number":"pith:4XHTF2J7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"868a72f764b5c2a23884f2bf66c800ccd3312791af27e1658b077112f5157cc9","abstract_canon_sha256":"0de18ade1f095b3886d3b9709ec216422a6b7340e2895df53c68c58f6fd72711"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e5cf32e93f31ffb9b582f42ac1ae66ef1e2810557c9fc995cd6c19adb7072b93","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.16845","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.16845","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.16845v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.16845","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7GH73","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"868a72f764b5c2a23884f2bf66c800ccd3312791af27e1658b077112f5157cc9","abstract_canon_sha256":"0de18ade1f095b3886d3b9709ec216422a6b7340e2895df53c68c58f6fd72711"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e5cf32e93f31ffb9b582f42ac1ae66ef1e2810557c9fc995cd6c19adb7072b93","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749555Z","signature_b64":"2jO5jf9cwLL697aSVe2aYmTij4in45Bc2meCv3EFFuzQ4oedkptuf+Gif/KYg90YtQisdQqRWtzc5gK9BQIHDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e5cf32e93f31ffb9b582f42ac1ae66ef1e2810557c9fc995cd6c19adb7072b93","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749077Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.16845","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HVlYapamJL2b5Nc5s1sQvv9z2mcB3JTRPskrttMIi12RO+5Iq5jQMLOVtoxYzkWlERCt4JAXc2UCH9jM+GO3Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:24:39.925440Z"},"content_sha256":"0828da232e39f46a3e2f2efe399b4242a60cc349624204d263c8c46dc4420bfb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0828da232e39f46a3e2f2efe399b4242a60cc349624204d263c8c46dc4420bfb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Uncovering simultaneous breakthroughs with a robust measure of disruptiveness","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Munjung Kim, Sadamori Kojaku, Yong-Yeol Ahn","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Progress in science and technology is punctuated by disruptive innovation and breakthroughs. Researchers have characterized these disruptions to explore the factors that spark such innovations and to assess their long-term trends. However, although understanding disruptive breakthroughs and their drivers hinges upon accurately quantifying disruptiveness, the core metric used in previous studies -- the disruption index -- remains insufficiently understood and tested. Here, after demonstrating the critical shortcomings of the disruption index, including its conflicting evaluations for simultaneo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.16845/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pdFU+YKSBfXOdxjIEkj9NnLg7aL/paHZIfR7/xtv9oOqzvs5lS6WGPN5KvCgdc0229EvkE5EEKVWcZmwW5bRCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:24:39.926394Z"},"content_sha256":"645d8f0f01c8b37428f2ab34e5fbdf75febce2ae67575cafe2243c2f5758edcf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:645d8f0f01c8b37428f2ab34e5fbdf75febce2ae67575cafe2243c2f5758edcf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T19:24:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC6QVMDLTG54","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0de18ade1f095b3886d3b9709ec216422a6b7340e2895df53c68c58f6fd72711","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"868a72f764b5c2a23884f2bf66c800ccd3312791af27e1658b077112f5157cc9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.16845","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.16845v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.16845","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7GH73","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7GH73TNMC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4XHTF2J7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:645d8f0f01c8b37428f2ab34e5fbdf75febce2ae67575cafe2243c2f5758edcf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.16845/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Progress in science and technology is punctuated by disruptive innovation and breakthroughs. Researchers have characterized these disruptions to explore the factors that spark such innovations and to assess their long-term trends. However, although understanding disruptive breakthroughs and their drivers hinges upon accurately quantifying disruptiveness, the core metric used in previous studies -- the disruption index -- remains insufficiently understood and tested. Here, after demonstrating the critical shortcomings of the disruption index, including its conflicting evaluations for simultaneo","authors_text":"Munjung Kim, Sadamori Kojaku, Yong-Yeol Ahn","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","title":"Uncovering simultaneous breakthroughs with a robust measure of disruptiveness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0828da232e39f46a3e2f2efe399b4242a60cc349624204d263c8c46dc4420bfb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0de18ade1f095b3886d3b9709ec216422a6b7340e2895df53c68c58f6fd72711","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2025-02-24T05:03:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"868a72f764b5c2a23884f2bf66c800ccd3312791af27e1658b077112f5157cc9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.16845","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e5cf32e93f31ffb9b582f42ac1ae66ef1e2810557c9fc995cd6c19adb7072b93","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e5cf32e93f31ffb9b582f42ac1ae66ef1e2810557c9fc995cd6c19adb7072b93","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749077Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2jO5jf9cwLL697aSVe2aYmTij4in45Bc2meCv3EFFuzQ4oedkptuf+Gif/KYg90YtQisdQqRWtzc5gK9BQIHDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:00.749555Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.16845","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0828da232e39f46a3e2f2efe399b4242a60cc349624204d263c8c46dc4420bfb","sha256:645d8f0f01c8b37428f2ab34e5fbdf75febce2ae67575cafe2243c2f5758edcf"],"state_sha256":"a3defb37ef9e8a553d9cd711e32644fce07e7e90421e6ac7c838f930b89b6050"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KesxFWe7rEEDOG+3Fq8K/TJS3th3Kn3gGIw+T8ASRCpRYQTjkJbIAx8t3HtwJCwi/pwqVmglHc0HhpuAWJ6eBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T19:24:39.931845Z","bundle_sha256":"dcbbd883d304f1daf43cc028fe91ab63d66ccaff9f5eebcb48faf1cf04ff4135"}}