{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7","short_pith_number":"pith:4YI2Z7JW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"746e8465e527a0452f172b262a3ab00f5da7b440926c59a75435bacd736626ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb8853c38f5cb2505a019801e885345c6a253a681f00e06d88d11c8c59a051ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e611acfd369fcf42a9f16ebb83e2496fd5fb0b595922f7fe4163f47862f861ec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.03341","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.03341","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.03341v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.03341","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JWT7HU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"746e8465e527a0452f172b262a3ab00f5da7b440926c59a75435bacd736626ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb8853c38f5cb2505a019801e885345c6a253a681f00e06d88d11c8c59a051ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e611acfd369fcf42a9f16ebb83e2496fd5fb0b595922f7fe4163f47862f861ec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804858Z","signature_b64":"2bjTU5dLL7U8nD8l+jNlvuvPAv0C5ctTTHI+fyI16GKHFcqIDcSwzxacW3cfanF4+nZ9lC5QJx6CInjpDI38Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e611acfd369fcf42a9f16ebb83e2496fd5fb0b595922f7fe4163f47862f861ec","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804302Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.03341","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mYDuGKYbTrcESs5xjaE/d7oI7P4YFaoNj+4SHFSGkCXpMpYIj0489tKYOaQu5+cVkPYalEIl3cxf2nsSYsYTAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:09:02.164472Z"},"content_sha256":"eefb03f645c01768c03ebbf4039cb62c5bcf5b27bb4ad146174fe382b70c5063","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eefb03f645c01768c03ebbf4039cb62c5bcf5b27bb4ad146174fe382b70c5063"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Troubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarship","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Jacob Steinhardt, Zachary C. Lipton","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Collectively, machine learning (ML) researchers are engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about data-driven algorithms. In a given paper, researchers might aspire to any subset of the following goals, among others: to theoretically characterize what is learnable, to obtain understanding through empirically rigorous experiments, or to build a working system that has high predictive accuracy. While determining which knowledge warrants inquiry may be subjective, once the topic is fixed, papers are most valuable to the community when they act in service of the reader, creating fou"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S21rGFRxLwq3Zy26khAg9Y24Iut938fjKMc82myh7IkAifvIa8fu8eK5mEellpFZXr/U/LjpFrov14X/LVEvBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:09:02.165086Z"},"content_sha256":"2dd22b22366d222a316c4836b75bd991eee838c59817c39fc45072e21bfec2fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2dd22b22366d222a316c4836b75bd991eee838c59817c39fc45072e21bfec2fc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T13:09:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPRN25YHYSJN7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb8853c38f5cb2505a019801e885345c6a253a681f00e06d88d11c8c59a051ef","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"746e8465e527a0452f172b262a3ab00f5da7b440926c59a75435bacd736626ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.03341","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.03341v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.03341","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JWT7HU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JWT7HUFKPR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4YI2Z7JW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2dd22b22366d222a316c4836b75bd991eee838c59817c39fc45072e21bfec2fc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Collectively, machine learning (ML) researchers are engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about data-driven algorithms. In a given paper, researchers might aspire to any subset of the following goals, among others: to theoretically characterize what is learnable, to obtain understanding through empirically rigorous experiments, or to build a working system that has high predictive accuracy. While determining which knowledge warrants inquiry may be subjective, once the topic is fixed, papers are most valuable to the community when they act in service of the reader, creating fou","authors_text":"Jacob Steinhardt, Zachary C. Lipton","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","title":"Troubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarship"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eefb03f645c01768c03ebbf4039cb62c5bcf5b27bb4ad146174fe382b70c5063","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb8853c38f5cb2505a019801e885345c6a253a681f00e06d88d11c8c59a051ef","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-07-09T18:59:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"746e8465e527a0452f172b262a3ab00f5da7b440926c59a75435bacd736626ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.03341","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e611acfd369fcf42a9f16ebb83e2496fd5fb0b595922f7fe4163f47862f861ec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e611acfd369fcf42a9f16ebb83e2496fd5fb0b595922f7fe4163f47862f861ec","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804302Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2bjTU5dLL7U8nD8l+jNlvuvPAv0C5ctTTHI+fyI16GKHFcqIDcSwzxacW3cfanF4+nZ9lC5QJx6CInjpDI38Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:46.804858Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.03341","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eefb03f645c01768c03ebbf4039cb62c5bcf5b27bb4ad146174fe382b70c5063","sha256:2dd22b22366d222a316c4836b75bd991eee838c59817c39fc45072e21bfec2fc"],"state_sha256":"6078e59b43b5aad45b59b464e3fd947b0dd2dfedf2d237f84c66cd1cf3979316"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PwoUzhBn8ULDPm7YHGmnHs0hYk9nWJ17qQNSLKuyslJHg43S7a5sgK7mxTK8BOkk3fhHHLhTILTYiV5e8VjcDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:09:02.167810Z","bundle_sha256":"ba29f706a2d3d457fba24325c20e605f87b447c2ef2f17e194dba4c707a2099d"}}