{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3","short_pith_number":"pith:527BJIPA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b415c8a7bbba57b65c6c7d08803ca5c593dc074293548319e6589217221c4be1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b7d09dad7723fbb7ec998aef497e6c857a022b7f12e3c8ac1fbdc29ddc5f005"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eebe14a1e03a2c2f032ac76958e681c6fb98ccba86e38e4e571ffac60b01983e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.00683","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.00683","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.00683v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.00683","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"527BJIPAHIWC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"527BJIPAHIWC6AZK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"527BJIPA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b415c8a7bbba57b65c6c7d08803ca5c593dc074293548319e6589217221c4be1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b7d09dad7723fbb7ec998aef497e6c857a022b7f12e3c8ac1fbdc29ddc5f005"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eebe14a1e03a2c2f032ac76958e681c6fb98ccba86e38e4e571ffac60b01983e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.762109Z","signature_b64":"oxG44GwETfkWoBBkmxsyEn6D1QxyG0MGJ02ZodN1iy00Js7Rb/Gc0x4OkrYnn+Q3jhVGZXlsQLJ6STjn9h9nAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eebe14a1e03a2c2f032ac76958e681c6fb98ccba86e38e4e571ffac60b01983e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.761538Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.761538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1710.00683","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v3UVrl/qfMPC/nzWij/x7J8R5ke4ami8uhq0zOynvd49d4tB24itw97M8mZLJZKhRQIAxiv+tt6KiG6Q7VVdBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T05:20:15.707923Z"},"content_sha256":"92c706fe8e2b70795b8af2e72675602a9f7a62326ce7287ff84d5f68feb15466","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92c706fe8e2b70795b8af2e72675602a9f7a62326ce7287ff84d5f68feb15466"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Dependence of Frequency Distributions on Multiple Meanings of Words, Codes and Signs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Petter Minnhagen, XiaoYong Yan","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"The dependence of the frequency distributions due to multiple meanings of words in a text is investigated by deleting letters. By coding the words with fewer letters the number of meanings per coded word increases. This increase is measured and used as an input in a predictive theory. For a text written in English, the word-frequency distribution is broad and fat-tailed, whereas if the words are only represented by their first letter the distribution becomes exponential. Both distribution are well predicted by the theory, as is the whole sequence obtained by consecutively representing the word"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4ae8DUYzDxF2ybygb4yESbOIeo51xjyiuWH8abuY3swh0SpBSf5jtkoaTw92h2XhoxrxM3iOlAL0tn3QYBYeBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T05:20:15.708271Z"},"content_sha256":"09614ba8442e16cabdfe5bf8a1f97e4a25ea1ff25f078f99860ca90f3e67ce76","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09614ba8442e16cabdfe5bf8a1f97e4a25ea1ff25f078f99860ca90f3e67ce76"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T05:20:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:527BJIPAHIWC6AZKY5UVRZUBY3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b7d09dad7723fbb7ec998aef497e6c857a022b7f12e3c8ac1fbdc29ddc5f005","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"b415c8a7bbba57b65c6c7d08803ca5c593dc074293548319e6589217221c4be1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.00683","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.00683v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.00683","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"527BJIPAHIWC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"527BJIPAHIWC6AZK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"527BJIPA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:09614ba8442e16cabdfe5bf8a1f97e4a25ea1ff25f078f99860ca90f3e67ce76","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The dependence of the frequency distributions due to multiple meanings of words in a text is investigated by deleting letters. By coding the words with fewer letters the number of meanings per coded word increases. This increase is measured and used as an input in a predictive theory. For a text written in English, the word-frequency distribution is broad and fat-tailed, whereas if the words are only represented by their first letter the distribution becomes exponential. Both distribution are well predicted by the theory, as is the whole sequence obtained by consecutively representing the word","authors_text":"Petter Minnhagen, XiaoYong Yan","cross_cats":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","title":"The Dependence of Frequency Distributions on Multiple Meanings of Words, Codes and Signs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92c706fe8e2b70795b8af2e72675602a9f7a62326ce7287ff84d5f68feb15466","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b7d09dad7723fbb7ec998aef497e6c857a022b7f12e3c8ac1fbdc29ddc5f005","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-09-28T00:39:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"b415c8a7bbba57b65c6c7d08803ca5c593dc074293548319e6589217221c4be1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.00683","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"eebe14a1e03a2c2f032ac76958e681c6fb98ccba86e38e4e571ffac60b01983e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eebe14a1e03a2c2f032ac76958e681c6fb98ccba86e38e4e571ffac60b01983e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.761538Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.761538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oxG44GwETfkWoBBkmxsyEn6D1QxyG0MGJ02ZodN1iy00Js7Rb/Gc0x4OkrYnn+Q3jhVGZXlsQLJ6STjn9h9nAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:47.762109Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1710.00683","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92c706fe8e2b70795b8af2e72675602a9f7a62326ce7287ff84d5f68feb15466","sha256:09614ba8442e16cabdfe5bf8a1f97e4a25ea1ff25f078f99860ca90f3e67ce76"],"state_sha256":"21fd4368cef8de0dec57804a97072c7eb0f16432dc49bc5fdabefb672accb75a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GpWXOom11QBeHCebtfzziETYNazDRDLDKIBLhpCnMao0+1sxiwvYYkGivkc0w2TPd/Nbz0oB2No3a6OpRYw0Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T05:20:15.710343Z","bundle_sha256":"029736a40c06ae66264e64d092709300d35cb1c2816610e9392961b24237967e"}}