{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T","short_pith_number":"pith:52YMZR3H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"b089e9b4803dac462111b5faaeb1dae5943b8b84a09f9615a7bf0697fafdc84f","abstract_canon_sha256":"5037c46c57efe26b5ecb335125e595aa0d5b8365bbe4bf88590012ff39015321"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eeb0ccc767c4364298b948880f5ef3d4f232c830193a61d5e9e09b9ed6e2ec1a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.5114","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.5114","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.5114v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.5114","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"52YMZR3HYQ3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"52YMZR3H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"b089e9b4803dac462111b5faaeb1dae5943b8b84a09f9615a7bf0697fafdc84f","abstract_canon_sha256":"5037c46c57efe26b5ecb335125e595aa0d5b8365bbe4bf88590012ff39015321"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eeb0ccc767c4364298b948880f5ef3d4f232c830193a61d5e9e09b9ed6e2ec1a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232850Z","signature_b64":"4pu4nOOLdDQ/VCK5aZ8Kb96bNifGtlaZZPu/9aBgous8iweWim7009deks0Lf5WN0lFPozwOe/Or/tR2gE/rDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eeb0ccc767c4364298b948880f5ef3d4f232c830193a61d5e9e09b9ed6e2ec1a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232213Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232213Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.5114","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8oJGn7N7Oy1hqtWTtMaQ1HT1qYo5bzkO8el6pbbS4A1QI8jbfHz2gxSeeV38LvOj6D7gMzKQoEwycZZj3TGtCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T05:26:42.735550Z"},"content_sha256":"049fbf76d9c5a8149641c71420119d1f1ca4f3bd716f547578382a393095ef3f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:049fbf76d9c5a8149641c71420119d1f1ca4f3bd716f547578382a393095ef3f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Particle Acceleration in Parallel Trans-relativistic Shocks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","authors_text":"Andrei M. Bykov, Donald C. Ellison, Donald C. Warren","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present results from a Monte Carlo simulation of a parallel collisionless shock undergoing particle acceleration. Our simulation, which contains parameterized scattering and a particular thermal leakage injection model, calculates the feedback between accelerated particles ahead of the shock, which influence the shock precursor and \"smooth\" the shock, and thermal particle injection. We show that there is a transition between nonrelativistic shocks, where the acceleration efficiency can be extremely high and the nonlinear compression ratio can be substantially greater than the Rankine-Hugoni"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8QOtHUmDB7DR3YMXs3EEefkdQ6LDMhcXtZCTrW4DGJx7j1bF1nE3vxKHwPJNi2kv6VGdzBpTvn/cDg3KtUYbDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T05:26:42.735901Z"},"content_sha256":"f0681b12edcd5c46f3433445b4cf046180b424bbf6950419efdd7023041d3e2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0681b12edcd5c46f3433445b4cf046180b424bbf6950419efdd7023041d3e2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T05:26:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZJCEA6XXT2T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5037c46c57efe26b5ecb335125e595aa0d5b8365bbe4bf88590012ff39015321","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"b089e9b4803dac462111b5faaeb1dae5943b8b84a09f9615a7bf0697fafdc84f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.5114","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.5114v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.5114","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"52YMZR3HYQ3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"52YMZR3HYQ3EFGFZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"52YMZR3H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f0681b12edcd5c46f3433445b4cf046180b424bbf6950419efdd7023041d3e2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present results from a Monte Carlo simulation of a parallel collisionless shock undergoing particle acceleration. Our simulation, which contains parameterized scattering and a particular thermal leakage injection model, calculates the feedback between accelerated particles ahead of the shock, which influence the shock precursor and \"smooth\" the shock, and thermal particle injection. We show that there is a transition between nonrelativistic shocks, where the acceleration efficiency can be extremely high and the nonlinear compression ratio can be substantially greater than the Rankine-Hugoni","authors_text":"Andrei M. Bykov, Donald C. Ellison, Donald C. Warren","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","title":"Monte Carlo Simulations of Nonlinear Particle Acceleration in Parallel Trans-relativistic Shocks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:049fbf76d9c5a8149641c71420119d1f1ca4f3bd716f547578382a393095ef3f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5037c46c57efe26b5ecb335125e595aa0d5b8365bbe4bf88590012ff39015321","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-23T12:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"b089e9b4803dac462111b5faaeb1dae5943b8b84a09f9615a7bf0697fafdc84f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.5114","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"eeb0ccc767c4364298b948880f5ef3d4f232c830193a61d5e9e09b9ed6e2ec1a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eeb0ccc767c4364298b948880f5ef3d4f232c830193a61d5e9e09b9ed6e2ec1a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232213Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232213Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4pu4nOOLdDQ/VCK5aZ8Kb96bNifGtlaZZPu/9aBgous8iweWim7009deks0Lf5WN0lFPozwOe/Or/tR2gE/rDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:59.232850Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.5114","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:049fbf76d9c5a8149641c71420119d1f1ca4f3bd716f547578382a393095ef3f","sha256:f0681b12edcd5c46f3433445b4cf046180b424bbf6950419efdd7023041d3e2b"],"state_sha256":"52da750a2338fecde55f62290d1a14838340be5de9c714728477da5f5cd81c43"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+Mm4cmIYPyms/6tuiRLIwLkCbsVD1IS2un3iPKOI/DNCoPzAIlX/ZABZABAezdKMvDyYrAYwe62Q0hi0RnHiDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T05:26:42.737881Z","bundle_sha256":"8f456311ee0157a4ab73a7783fa3c45ab5f1f5d92b5bdeb3a06e752229b235ba"}}