{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B","short_pith_number":"pith:53KJPGJV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6ea61b9403af5ca1504293a2c9103f6201d78bf0af820a2dcc5ce79d437f4d8f","abstract_canon_sha256":"28d09e5e018f721785434fcf24e0fee2f86cf652ff6d9133d48056ad335fa88f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eed49799354e76cb1fd4c1ec7606bce0738d00d6194d555b44fcfd5b3e2778fd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.05810","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.05810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.05810v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.05810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"53KJPGJVJZ3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"53KJPGJV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6ea61b9403af5ca1504293a2c9103f6201d78bf0af820a2dcc5ce79d437f4d8f","abstract_canon_sha256":"28d09e5e018f721785434fcf24e0fee2f86cf652ff6d9133d48056ad335fa88f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eed49799354e76cb1fd4c1ec7606bce0738d00d6194d555b44fcfd5b3e2778fd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.664334Z","signature_b64":"7MzivWQsivHdCD9yrArUA59YG9medqTvcTdqonHDV5mzgDHdwUqt2k8YQxIcfELOMG+ZeQnM5cv87uOOtOnjDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eed49799354e76cb1fd4c1ec7606bce0738d00d6194d555b44fcfd5b3e2778fd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.663662Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.663662Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1612.05810","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FYBU0Tp7bqSUYuIdT6Q/6nQZma57+EikmMZMTquLaJ9a9jR1tQ8oI8CftJtMMXTmPzb66nggjqx+Qx1F+yLMAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T11:51:09.704115Z"},"content_sha256":"17c42556818ba367959287690b2ca56117eed5e49fe5d647286e8a4a2fced037","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:17c42556818ba367959287690b2ca56117eed5e49fe5d647286e8a4a2fced037"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Patent Portfolio Analysis of Cities: Statistics and Maps of Technological Inventiveness","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DL","authors_text":"Dieter Franz Kogler, Gaston Heimeriks, Loet Leydesdorff","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cities are engines of the knowledge-based economy, because they are the primary sites of knowledge production activities that subsequently shape the rate and direction of technological change and economic growth. Patents provide a wealth of information to analyse the knowledge specialization at specific places, such as technological details and information on inventors and entities involved, including address information. The technology codes on each patent document indicate the specialization and scope of the underlying technological knowledge of a given invention. In this paper we introduce "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"98ZkRkf7ADq7H4QipxwukRhC63Qkqmf5Zi7N1IP9moZEUNBsmqZ7NIY+IBg4Jtgg5hqmX/oR+Bd1p5H4ZtW7DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T11:51:09.704473Z"},"content_sha256":"53c52b1bfead0dfb83ebc24188d3d2f97f5deafa388b67cfd2f3fd109b53ebe9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53c52b1bfead0dfb83ebc24188d3d2f97f5deafa388b67cfd2f3fd109b53ebe9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T11:51:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6UYHWHMBV44B","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"28d09e5e018f721785434fcf24e0fee2f86cf652ff6d9133d48056ad335fa88f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ea61b9403af5ca1504293a2c9103f6201d78bf0af820a2dcc5ce79d437f4d8f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.05810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.05810v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.05810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"53KJPGJVJZ3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"53KJPGJVJZ3MWH6U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"53KJPGJV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53c52b1bfead0dfb83ebc24188d3d2f97f5deafa388b67cfd2f3fd109b53ebe9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Cities are engines of the knowledge-based economy, because they are the primary sites of knowledge production activities that subsequently shape the rate and direction of technological change and economic growth. Patents provide a wealth of information to analyse the knowledge specialization at specific places, such as technological details and information on inventors and entities involved, including address information. The technology codes on each patent document indicate the specialization and scope of the underlying technological knowledge of a given invention. In this paper we introduce ","authors_text":"Dieter Franz Kogler, Gaston Heimeriks, Loet Leydesdorff","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","title":"Patent Portfolio Analysis of Cities: Statistics and Maps of Technological Inventiveness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:17c42556818ba367959287690b2ca56117eed5e49fe5d647286e8a4a2fced037","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"28d09e5e018f721785434fcf24e0fee2f86cf652ff6d9133d48056ad335fa88f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2016-12-17T19:15:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ea61b9403af5ca1504293a2c9103f6201d78bf0af820a2dcc5ce79d437f4d8f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.05810","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"eed49799354e76cb1fd4c1ec7606bce0738d00d6194d555b44fcfd5b3e2778fd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eed49799354e76cb1fd4c1ec7606bce0738d00d6194d555b44fcfd5b3e2778fd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.663662Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.663662Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7MzivWQsivHdCD9yrArUA59YG9medqTvcTdqonHDV5mzgDHdwUqt2k8YQxIcfELOMG+ZeQnM5cv87uOOtOnjDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:46.664334Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1612.05810","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:17c42556818ba367959287690b2ca56117eed5e49fe5d647286e8a4a2fced037","sha256:53c52b1bfead0dfb83ebc24188d3d2f97f5deafa388b67cfd2f3fd109b53ebe9"],"state_sha256":"4cdb7db02ec1255584df622e2c21728ed6c871bb01ef748907dee9f8fe1f61f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WXYAl8pvhXfvid1rhepxWCqGotS3M1J4ZV9h8pRaI/JQsHfjVVWCEPvV1v3DaMmdIXjSZtjLzBKFuB9pHdFbCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T11:51:09.706327Z","bundle_sha256":"1887546fab61577afcd695f6192937d2918b267d182bea5da51df8d2e2d31364"}}