{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG","short_pith_number":"pith:53RHYJED","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"436c9126808e876e6881638875464774bd8bfff388a94d33be78bee12b8a5183","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b611779082c7e1ce14617f3960891144b6cb4fbac2a84c29395406657910b89"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eee27c24830eb7339679613fb8bf77a18b46c000340ee6dbc5a4638c82a43a68","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1701.00172","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.00172","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.00172v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.00172","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"53RHYJEDB23T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"53RHYJEDB23THFTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"53RHYJED","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"436c9126808e876e6881638875464774bd8bfff388a94d33be78bee12b8a5183","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b611779082c7e1ce14617f3960891144b6cb4fbac2a84c29395406657910b89"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eee27c24830eb7339679613fb8bf77a18b46c000340ee6dbc5a4638c82a43a68","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.686528Z","signature_b64":"UrZ+89q6++XBnpcKrWyCXkt5jHJFjCAtMM5qN7IfTS7KUVcCNDprBYxlLfN/vlRM1JE3eECQPxNGWwfBelzMAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eee27c24830eb7339679613fb8bf77a18b46c000340ee6dbc5a4638c82a43a68","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.685893Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.685893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1701.00172","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XQ7tFeszE8VjmJbQR/EQv30iflWvCaEqV0+hxd4Cmu5IBpmAjdGfl1cpGSjiYKNz4VhkH5yXfByiEXu3UwiyBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T16:00:15.413658Z"},"content_sha256":"0fcf0e0f0c75f848c89f4f9ab3800f4d8e32d1a121fe6a2693930eea0559068a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0fcf0e0f0c75f848c89f4f9ab3800f4d8e32d1a121fe6a2693930eea0559068a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantitative relationship between polarization differences and the zone-averaged shift photocurrent","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Benjamin M. Fregoso, Joel E. Moore, Takahiro Morimoto","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"A relationship is derived between differences in electric polarization between bands and the \"shift vector\" that controls part of a material's bulk photocurrent, then demonstrated in several models. Electric polarization has a quantized gauge ambiguity and is normally observed at surfaces via the surface charge density, while shift current is a bulk property and is described by shift vector gauge invariant at each point in momentum space. They are connected because the same optical transitions that are described in shift currents pick out a relative gauge between valence and conduction bands. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x3zzkiLfZ/T3JHjee6z/7NndlRqbww3kz8LrSq8hva9F2FdnTSJPsMfZxUiYZkMPyhnpbIchPMkDIvLjj+2UDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T16:00:15.414001Z"},"content_sha256":"db0004a72702e5bcc0bf31f795473a4de23831923924430e5f55f86d6e0dd986","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:db0004a72702e5bcc0bf31f795473a4de23831923924430e5f55f86d6e0dd986"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T16:00:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:53RHYJEDB23THFTZME73RP3XUG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b611779082c7e1ce14617f3960891144b6cb4fbac2a84c29395406657910b89","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"436c9126808e876e6881638875464774bd8bfff388a94d33be78bee12b8a5183"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.00172","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.00172v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.00172","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"53RHYJEDB23T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"53RHYJEDB23THFTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"53RHYJED","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:db0004a72702e5bcc0bf31f795473a4de23831923924430e5f55f86d6e0dd986","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A relationship is derived between differences in electric polarization between bands and the \"shift vector\" that controls part of a material's bulk photocurrent, then demonstrated in several models. Electric polarization has a quantized gauge ambiguity and is normally observed at surfaces via the surface charge density, while shift current is a bulk property and is described by shift vector gauge invariant at each point in momentum space. They are connected because the same optical transitions that are described in shift currents pick out a relative gauge between valence and conduction bands. ","authors_text":"Benjamin M. Fregoso, Joel E. Moore, Takahiro Morimoto","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","title":"Quantitative relationship between polarization differences and the zone-averaged shift photocurrent"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0fcf0e0f0c75f848c89f4f9ab3800f4d8e32d1a121fe6a2693930eea0559068a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b611779082c7e1ce14617f3960891144b6cb4fbac2a84c29395406657910b89","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-12-31T22:30:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"436c9126808e876e6881638875464774bd8bfff388a94d33be78bee12b8a5183"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.00172","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"eee27c24830eb7339679613fb8bf77a18b46c000340ee6dbc5a4638c82a43a68","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eee27c24830eb7339679613fb8bf77a18b46c000340ee6dbc5a4638c82a43a68","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.685893Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.685893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UrZ+89q6++XBnpcKrWyCXkt5jHJFjCAtMM5qN7IfTS7KUVcCNDprBYxlLfN/vlRM1JE3eECQPxNGWwfBelzMAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:52.686528Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1701.00172","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0fcf0e0f0c75f848c89f4f9ab3800f4d8e32d1a121fe6a2693930eea0559068a","sha256:db0004a72702e5bcc0bf31f795473a4de23831923924430e5f55f86d6e0dd986"],"state_sha256":"b820c6eebdd1e668863dbe7af835bf62216f52a04745fdfae979781a6beb3561"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QNNVEDUTd8B+ItBRDhAMCOfcVVAOfQTGoRBGi8839SRQ2U1riwj2ZBvya+NROooACCwzqn/L8K5rgoFPbw87AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T16:00:15.415968Z","bundle_sha256":"4bd3f617963ca8c3cf8460dd350a07fe145b41eebfbe08ed31fc7aa4db428c7d"}}