{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB","short_pith_number":"pith:553BPOJZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"527e64e87138e1d468d9b3efeeba02eb4afa31a8272036ec4642b1c455db853f","abstract_canon_sha256":"df5544710998956038b91e9ece2e56fff7061ff0054dfb605548a45098241e49"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef7617b9390fbc3dc5a4fb0a3f9145205f6535ddbd381870f6c7f009a62a0829","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.05019","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05019","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05019v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05019","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"553BPOJZB66D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"553BPOJZB66D3RNE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"553BPOJZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"527e64e87138e1d468d9b3efeeba02eb4afa31a8272036ec4642b1c455db853f","abstract_canon_sha256":"df5544710998956038b91e9ece2e56fff7061ff0054dfb605548a45098241e49"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef7617b9390fbc3dc5a4fb0a3f9145205f6535ddbd381870f6c7f009a62a0829","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199709Z","signature_b64":"pzBZChZVsezKsgPQVcUHqn/J97gxvyOV6CC7jy2C9bIOaezJ0ZS4hlvNgo20GvwvJlx1svLihOlnUJ2jNgKNDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ef7617b9390fbc3dc5a4fb0a3f9145205f6535ddbd381870f6c7f009a62a0829","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199184Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199184Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.05019","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OI79vVdKq/epxjOIR3t8iw1E0CyRmufVfMVHmzXZ5/eIxdh/qdyJaQpFYEw7+hbAkDabaXaTynZK39Xe4UC4CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:39:10.471061Z"},"content_sha256":"ec2564ab486c02a13328dcdcb8abe669856f5c966cf5932829928f46bd6cb178","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ec2564ab486c02a13328dcdcb8abe669856f5c966cf5932829928f46bd6cb178"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Numerical convergence of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation: the abundance and internal structure of galaxies and their cold dark matter haloes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Aaron D. Ludlow (ICRAR/UWA), Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller (Leiden), Richard Bower (ICC/Durham)","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We address the issue of numerical convergence in cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations using a suite of runs drawn from the EAGLE project. Our simulations adopt subgrid models that produce realistic galaxy populations at a fiducial mass and force resolution, but systematically vary the latter in order to study their impact on galaxy properties. We provide several analytic criteria that help guide the selection of gravitational softening for hydrodynamical simulations, and present results from runs that both adhere to and deviate from them. Unlike dark matter-only simulations"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05019/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BaCWvgN89zdeZBfpYK+X22qhJuxQ6t8vvwZ11xPxojvox2lvtCiHRm/sos6C4puix60FjyI7F9qUFn/8aJJRCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:39:10.471596Z"},"content_sha256":"335fb4e53286c5a6f4a230f7760856d29a90d6ecc1bffcc62a73ee086b58a87b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:335fb4e53286c5a6f4a230f7760856d29a90d6ecc1bffcc62a73ee086b58a87b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T22:39:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:553BPOJZB66D3RNE7MFD7EKFEB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"df5544710998956038b91e9ece2e56fff7061ff0054dfb605548a45098241e49","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"527e64e87138e1d468d9b3efeeba02eb4afa31a8272036ec4642b1c455db853f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05019","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05019v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05019","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"553BPOJZB66D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"553BPOJZB66D3RNE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"553BPOJZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:335fb4e53286c5a6f4a230f7760856d29a90d6ecc1bffcc62a73ee086b58a87b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05019/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We address the issue of numerical convergence in cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations using a suite of runs drawn from the EAGLE project. Our simulations adopt subgrid models that produce realistic galaxy populations at a fiducial mass and force resolution, but systematically vary the latter in order to study their impact on galaxy properties. We provide several analytic criteria that help guide the selection of gravitational softening for hydrodynamical simulations, and present results from runs that both adhere to and deviate from them. Unlike dark matter-only simulations","authors_text":"Aaron D. Ludlow (ICRAR/UWA), Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller (Leiden), Richard Bower (ICC/Durham)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","title":"Numerical convergence of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation: the abundance and internal structure of galaxies and their cold dark matter haloes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ec2564ab486c02a13328dcdcb8abe669856f5c966cf5932829928f46bd6cb178","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"df5544710998956038b91e9ece2e56fff7061ff0054dfb605548a45098241e49","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-08-14T08:56:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"527e64e87138e1d468d9b3efeeba02eb4afa31a8272036ec4642b1c455db853f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05019","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ef7617b9390fbc3dc5a4fb0a3f9145205f6535ddbd381870f6c7f009a62a0829","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ef7617b9390fbc3dc5a4fb0a3f9145205f6535ddbd381870f6c7f009a62a0829","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199184Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199184Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pzBZChZVsezKsgPQVcUHqn/J97gxvyOV6CC7jy2C9bIOaezJ0ZS4hlvNgo20GvwvJlx1svLihOlnUJ2jNgKNDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:01:00.199709Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.05019","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ec2564ab486c02a13328dcdcb8abe669856f5c966cf5932829928f46bd6cb178","sha256:335fb4e53286c5a6f4a230f7760856d29a90d6ecc1bffcc62a73ee086b58a87b"],"state_sha256":"b047583bc817c0c47d2855051ec964643b42cb648be3d9da7f7a9031f5c9b213"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ixeg+VOJBsHAjeKHQ8AwLtlHJv8EqmFx3jbej3pSupxCPSHmlvnqpjFCpOCYkj8lFLp5J8JkhXSWWfZyBzNBAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:39:10.475125Z","bundle_sha256":"004dd3d751cd6d1dcefce61d594e5ebf7903895544ac9c4e6d27e4e62452c1b2"}}