{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K","short_pith_number":"pith:55LXYXN7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80eeee482982fda2217df5949d5a8fda038ac2a8780c63c1bee6cedd923e7d5d","abstract_canon_sha256":"72cd0cf14a737ef1fd7a9fcbd9923a4fd30ef6cab2149406e38edb7a300b5470"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef577c5dbf08b831fcdfd3b6907786d2acbc5e39eadcbe7a8fc419279414ea97","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.07578","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.07578","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.07578v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.07578","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"55LXYXN7BC4D","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"55LXYXN7BC4DD7G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"55LXYXN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80eeee482982fda2217df5949d5a8fda038ac2a8780c63c1bee6cedd923e7d5d","abstract_canon_sha256":"72cd0cf14a737ef1fd7a9fcbd9923a4fd30ef6cab2149406e38edb7a300b5470"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef577c5dbf08b831fcdfd3b6907786d2acbc5e39eadcbe7a8fc419279414ea97","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.822277Z","signature_b64":"Gj08hniHu0Tb70KeONBBskct539GzZUKBmOmN4OB1nUfZZfjwQgqfHnKr4JM9sW1sRvadZ53hu8A9xWOe3+BDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ef577c5dbf08b831fcdfd3b6907786d2acbc5e39eadcbe7a8fc419279414ea97","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.821745Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.821745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.07578","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"azuSv63xf7DwAt9NHfg/AShnGh+FzDcAfybPuYvlY4x6WVBlXlYQ0romuFX/r8B9bOQXbpFKBvJtl1MvyOeGCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:43:40.518989Z"},"content_sha256":"e2cace25c5e501d7395e5d3f7d299336b85fd1da8f60597dd53044293e3f8f56","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e2cace25c5e501d7395e5d3f7d299336b85fd1da8f60597dd53044293e3f8f56"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"PIM Is All You Need: A CXL-Enabled GPU-Free System for Large Language Model Inference","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AR","authors_text":"Alireza Khadem, Ning Liang, Onur Mutlu, Ravi Iyer, Reetuparna Das, Sumanth Umesh, Xavier Servot, Yufeng Gu","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and Convolutional Neural Networks. At the same time, LLMs possess large parameter sizes and use key-value caches to store context information. Modern LLMs support context windows with up to 1 million tokens to generate versatile text, audio, and video content. A large key-value cache unique to each prompt requires a large memory capacity, limiting the inference ba"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.07578/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KFxidWwnsNTG6yNbSO2Wwwg2cHZLumIWoAJUOdg8GRVYmtQjWu7Ie/NKholcYkKvjnw/dwMGIeTUF559tF77Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:43:40.519497Z"},"content_sha256":"64e72fbe1aec6dfa6cfc68ee6896edb008878c456a4b4b5a9832847d9e2d185a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64e72fbe1aec6dfa6cfc68ee6896edb008878c456a4b4b5a9832847d9e2d185a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T21:43:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:55LXYXN7BC4DD7G72O3JA54G2K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"72cd0cf14a737ef1fd7a9fcbd9923a4fd30ef6cab2149406e38edb7a300b5470","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"80eeee482982fda2217df5949d5a8fda038ac2a8780c63c1bee6cedd923e7d5d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.07578","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.07578v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.07578","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"55LXYXN7BC4D","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"55LXYXN7BC4DD7G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"55LXYXN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:64e72fbe1aec6dfa6cfc68ee6896edb008878c456a4b4b5a9832847d9e2d185a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.07578/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and Convolutional Neural Networks. At the same time, LLMs possess large parameter sizes and use key-value caches to store context information. Modern LLMs support context windows with up to 1 million tokens to generate versatile text, audio, and video content. A large key-value cache unique to each prompt requires a large memory capacity, limiting the inference ba","authors_text":"Alireza Khadem, Ning Liang, Onur Mutlu, Ravi Iyer, Reetuparna Das, Sumanth Umesh, Xavier Servot, Yufeng Gu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","title":"PIM Is All You Need: A CXL-Enabled GPU-Free System for Large Language Model Inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e2cace25c5e501d7395e5d3f7d299336b85fd1da8f60597dd53044293e3f8f56","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"72cd0cf14a737ef1fd7a9fcbd9923a4fd30ef6cab2149406e38edb7a300b5470","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2025-02-11T14:25:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"80eeee482982fda2217df5949d5a8fda038ac2a8780c63c1bee6cedd923e7d5d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.07578","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ef577c5dbf08b831fcdfd3b6907786d2acbc5e39eadcbe7a8fc419279414ea97","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ef577c5dbf08b831fcdfd3b6907786d2acbc5e39eadcbe7a8fc419279414ea97","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.821745Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.821745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gj08hniHu0Tb70KeONBBskct539GzZUKBmOmN4OB1nUfZZfjwQgqfHnKr4JM9sW1sRvadZ53hu8A9xWOe3+BDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:55.822277Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.07578","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e2cace25c5e501d7395e5d3f7d299336b85fd1da8f60597dd53044293e3f8f56","sha256:64e72fbe1aec6dfa6cfc68ee6896edb008878c456a4b4b5a9832847d9e2d185a"],"state_sha256":"767f18f29d51afb0c8853b1860d43fce8e65e681a4fdcbb8196f847cb49719b4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H/W+yTyNfrLzGnsIEECp5Ek6qUgzTufu7egr4dzz3Zo5dkr/4Kng8djCryk/I/XsOUUm3z01wHGWkEe5oe0CBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:43:40.522970Z","bundle_sha256":"1ba5f2396930e89236c3fbdc913bad4ead6c1df78a1f359a30e75cff696b18fc"}}