{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO","short_pith_number":"pith:57CUFTGE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2e37b0182a2e241d3422fd3a248b376a546926f954251052fc1a2c54f6f199ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"b17e3a9dca5e9ee2ff80e131f91c6ae86953339a038dd0f1e4949f3e17e77634"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efc542ccc452429733cbb90722306923a7d8bad6b3e907faecb58f72edb88f8c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1201.3609","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.3609","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.3609v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.3609","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57CUFTGEKJBJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57CUFTGEKJBJOM6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57CUFTGE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2e37b0182a2e241d3422fd3a248b376a546926f954251052fc1a2c54f6f199ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"b17e3a9dca5e9ee2ff80e131f91c6ae86953339a038dd0f1e4949f3e17e77634"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efc542ccc452429733cbb90722306923a7d8bad6b3e907faecb58f72edb88f8c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.721285Z","signature_b64":"7r0/yPva5+arKbCi7LBbwTG18w/6IgyUixbqL4IUbWwI2mTSq/WY1uyHIWotQkaKdrExaJ5MxjOCMR1UAxyADQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"efc542ccc452429733cbb90722306923a7d8bad6b3e907faecb58f72edb88f8c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.720836Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.720836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1201.3609","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3Q+InUEMUHQTgssJD1jmUmOiOY/j+1qanjaY4Otto1xp5iGGQ5dbYGpiByrAkT9ByhoMK6boN1CfEiFg3LH/DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:55.497216Z"},"content_sha256":"941fc08fedac6b114778e1e2cf7638f4f1a61b3d7c11dde7c7b37c5847cd6a3e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:941fc08fedac6b114778e1e2cf7638f4f1a61b3d7c11dde7c7b37c5847cd6a3e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improved constraints on the expansion rate of the Universe up to z~1.1 from the spectroscopic evolution of cosmic chronometers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Bongiorno, A. Cappi, A. Cimatti, A. Iovino, A. M. Koekemoer, A. Renzini, A. Stanford, B. Garilli, C. Diener, C. Knobel, C. L\\'opez-Sanjuan, C. Maier, C. M. Carollo, D. Stern, D. Vergani, E. Bradshaw, E. Perez-Montero, E. Zucca, F. Lamareille, G. Coppa, G. Zamorani, H. J. McCracken, H. Pearce, I. Balestra, J. D. Silverman, J. Dunlop, J.-F. Le Borgne, J.-P. Kneib, K. Caputi, K. Kovac, L. A. M. Tasca, L. Barnes, L. de Ravel, L. Pozzetti, L. Tresse, L. Verde, M. Bolzonella, M. Cirasuolo, M. Kamionkowski, M. Mignoli, M. Moresco, M. Scodeggio, M. Tanaka, N. Welikala, O. Almaini, O. Cucciati, O. Le Fevre, P. Franzetti, P. Kampczyk, P. Nair, P. Oesch, P. Rosati, Raul Jimenez, R. Bordoloi, R. Chuter, R. Gobat, R. McLure, R. Pell\\'o, S. Bardelli, S. de la Torre, S. Foucaud, S. J. Lilly, T. Contini, V. Le Brun, V. Mainieri, V. Presotto, W. Hartley, Y. Peng","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present new improved constraints on the Hubble parameter H(z) in the redshift range 0.15 < z < 1.1, obtained from the differential spectroscopic evolution of early-type galaxies as a function of redshift. We extract a large sample of early-type galaxies (\\sim11000) from several spectroscopic surveys, spanning almost 8 billion years of cosmic lookback time (0.15 < z < 1.42). We select the most massive, red elliptical galaxies, passively evolving and without signature of ongoing star formation. Those galaxies can be used as standard cosmic chronometers, as firstly proposed by Jimenez & Loeb ("},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r8YzNSdtKHOu8kAPAe+UD6iWkBq4Tl/lHKzE7VmuYVR3xQjxOAVcNxA0mclnEQIiZq80mjs/IPtXDwaShWQVBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:55.497580Z"},"content_sha256":"e654037f96a8b3c6a1c0c74d3afce7685ce0ffdc0b97e76f0d765c481b865e5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e654037f96a8b3c6a1c0c74d3afce7685ce0ffdc0b97e76f0d765c481b865e5d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:57CUFTGEKJBJOM6LXEDSEMDJEO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b17e3a9dca5e9ee2ff80e131f91c6ae86953339a038dd0f1e4949f3e17e77634","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e37b0182a2e241d3422fd3a248b376a546926f954251052fc1a2c54f6f199ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.3609","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.3609v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.3609","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57CUFTGEKJBJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57CUFTGEKJBJOM6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57CUFTGE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e654037f96a8b3c6a1c0c74d3afce7685ce0ffdc0b97e76f0d765c481b865e5d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present new improved constraints on the Hubble parameter H(z) in the redshift range 0.15 < z < 1.1, obtained from the differential spectroscopic evolution of early-type galaxies as a function of redshift. We extract a large sample of early-type galaxies (\\sim11000) from several spectroscopic surveys, spanning almost 8 billion years of cosmic lookback time (0.15 < z < 1.42). We select the most massive, red elliptical galaxies, passively evolving and without signature of ongoing star formation. Those galaxies can be used as standard cosmic chronometers, as firstly proposed by Jimenez & Loeb (","authors_text":"A. Bongiorno, A. Cappi, A. Cimatti, A. Iovino, A. M. Koekemoer, A. Renzini, A. Stanford, B. Garilli, C. Diener, C. Knobel, C. L\\'opez-Sanjuan, C. Maier, C. M. Carollo, D. Stern, D. Vergani, E. Bradshaw, E. Perez-Montero, E. Zucca, F. Lamareille, G. Coppa, G. Zamorani, H. J. McCracken, H. Pearce, I. Balestra, J. D. Silverman, J. Dunlop, J.-F. Le Borgne, J.-P. Kneib, K. Caputi, K. Kovac, L. A. M. Tasca, L. Barnes, L. de Ravel, L. Pozzetti, L. Tresse, L. Verde, M. Bolzonella, M. Cirasuolo, M. Kamionkowski, M. Mignoli, M. Moresco, M. Scodeggio, M. Tanaka, N. Welikala, O. Almaini, O. Cucciati, O. Le Fevre, P. Franzetti, P. Kampczyk, P. Nair, P. Oesch, P. Rosati, Raul Jimenez, R. Bordoloi, R. Chuter, R. Gobat, R. McLure, R. Pell\\'o, S. Bardelli, S. de la Torre, S. Foucaud, S. J. Lilly, T. Contini, V. Le Brun, V. Mainieri, V. Presotto, W. Hartley, Y. Peng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","title":"Improved constraints on the expansion rate of the Universe up to z~1.1 from the spectroscopic evolution of cosmic chronometers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:941fc08fedac6b114778e1e2cf7638f4f1a61b3d7c11dde7c7b37c5847cd6a3e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b17e3a9dca5e9ee2ff80e131f91c6ae86953339a038dd0f1e4949f3e17e77634","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-01-17T20:19:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e37b0182a2e241d3422fd3a248b376a546926f954251052fc1a2c54f6f199ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.3609","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"efc542ccc452429733cbb90722306923a7d8bad6b3e907faecb58f72edb88f8c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"efc542ccc452429733cbb90722306923a7d8bad6b3e907faecb58f72edb88f8c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.720836Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.720836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7r0/yPva5+arKbCi7LBbwTG18w/6IgyUixbqL4IUbWwI2mTSq/WY1uyHIWotQkaKdrExaJ5MxjOCMR1UAxyADQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:35.721285Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1201.3609","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:941fc08fedac6b114778e1e2cf7638f4f1a61b3d7c11dde7c7b37c5847cd6a3e","sha256:e654037f96a8b3c6a1c0c74d3afce7685ce0ffdc0b97e76f0d765c481b865e5d"],"state_sha256":"6e498834686e404fb24255ec1151ae26f2f81a3d0da5206de9abca1ec3386e05"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RvN4TxlIRHVfFzbsvLf2IGI5owv+Z/hHVV2ixNYjIy+ceUQMxCqT/0ur9J7jlmrIdmBVReo1OSUnoqjtcf+4Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T10:22:55.499467Z","bundle_sha256":"47e8c283da05ef54f999adb98a387838226098ee3411ef44bae35da1a234eaad"}}