{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I","short_pith_number":"pith:57HHRRQI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8bd0059ba0d4baccbe8639141dc4f77805daa3a6fa4740babeff79ff42b2c4d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"52f10c071866165294ec8ca95c4ed355074dbf3faa5faef53de3bdd7845dd4a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efce78c6084c002efea47b29b78636ea1e9fada75f915470674d933562e0281f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.04262","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.04262","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.04262v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.04262","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57HHRRQIJQAC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57HHRRQIJQAC57VE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57HHRRQI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8bd0059ba0d4baccbe8639141dc4f77805daa3a6fa4740babeff79ff42b2c4d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"52f10c071866165294ec8ca95c4ed355074dbf3faa5faef53de3bdd7845dd4a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efce78c6084c002efea47b29b78636ea1e9fada75f915470674d933562e0281f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.894048Z","signature_b64":"E4YHxRmZWn8/l3QewVQTUCzDhp5eye7OWX0ixYrjtCHSRrfpE01YNKEmMO+bngMAQmRyfkYnViut/9bUqk7oDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"efce78c6084c002efea47b29b78636ea1e9fada75f915470674d933562e0281f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.893537Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.893537Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.04262","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YT7uNWqfIe/Qr7mGT8TmYW8i1j50HwXYMR8ksAyOCmYbLIwpUZHU35+nPA8MrdnCDAFsm7SB7qKQOkFxVtPFCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T18:34:46.466010Z"},"content_sha256":"73fe478e3bae2a2f9b03579dd09ef538c0f856ac42735a7058f1069842764f15","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73fe478e3bae2a2f9b03579dd09ef538c0f856ac42735a7058f1069842764f15"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"ABtree: An Algorithm for Subgroup-Based Treatment Assignment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Derek Feng, Xiaofei Wang","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Given two possible treatments, there may exist subgroups who benefit greater from one treatment than the other. This problem is relevant to the field of marketing, where treatments may correspond to different ways of selling a product. It is similarly relevant to the field of public policy, where treatments may correspond to specific government programs. And finally, personalized medicine is a field wholly devoted to understanding which subgroups of individuals will benefit from particular medical treatments. We present a computationally fast tree-based method, ABtree, for treatment effect dif"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0zbat5Pl2fbOMgPecXc+U73Tk8tZq7U8PHb2TZKPV3hxKj4KVFwL9Rml3KTXBTnSdKLGQKohtwvEJAD2hVs1CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T18:34:46.466601Z"},"content_sha256":"4d06967ff645ce9819ae239328b6425a9005ffc1b12c944f51a43d50bdfd10d8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d06967ff645ce9819ae239328b6425a9005ffc1b12c944f51a43d50bdfd10d8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T18:34:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:57HHRRQIJQAC57VEPMU3PBRW5I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52f10c071866165294ec8ca95c4ed355074dbf3faa5faef53de3bdd7845dd4a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"8bd0059ba0d4baccbe8639141dc4f77805daa3a6fa4740babeff79ff42b2c4d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.04262","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.04262v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.04262","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57HHRRQIJQAC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57HHRRQIJQAC57VE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57HHRRQI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4d06967ff645ce9819ae239328b6425a9005ffc1b12c944f51a43d50bdfd10d8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Given two possible treatments, there may exist subgroups who benefit greater from one treatment than the other. This problem is relevant to the field of marketing, where treatments may correspond to different ways of selling a product. It is similarly relevant to the field of public policy, where treatments may correspond to specific government programs. And finally, personalized medicine is a field wholly devoted to understanding which subgroups of individuals will benefit from particular medical treatments. We present a computationally fast tree-based method, ABtree, for treatment effect dif","authors_text":"Derek Feng, Xiaofei Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","title":"ABtree: An Algorithm for Subgroup-Based Treatment Assignment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:73fe478e3bae2a2f9b03579dd09ef538c0f856ac42735a7058f1069842764f15","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52f10c071866165294ec8ca95c4ed355074dbf3faa5faef53de3bdd7845dd4a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-05-13T17:27:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"8bd0059ba0d4baccbe8639141dc4f77805daa3a6fa4740babeff79ff42b2c4d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.04262","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"efce78c6084c002efea47b29b78636ea1e9fada75f915470674d933562e0281f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"efce78c6084c002efea47b29b78636ea1e9fada75f915470674d933562e0281f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.893537Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.893537Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"E4YHxRmZWn8/l3QewVQTUCzDhp5eye7OWX0ixYrjtCHSRrfpE01YNKEmMO+bngMAQmRyfkYnViut/9bUqk7oDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.894048Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.04262","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:73fe478e3bae2a2f9b03579dd09ef538c0f856ac42735a7058f1069842764f15","sha256:4d06967ff645ce9819ae239328b6425a9005ffc1b12c944f51a43d50bdfd10d8"],"state_sha256":"eb78b74a718d3a11b35ff59092b3515186b652a4d57d8440390c96cd9e767092"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rclnRlcEMyc7W3TaAak/J3TmHbRWPWOk/JnxvMGRllt0ZVjWKevUVxS/YWTEewlQaxVfPTCOF7a6D6R0tH4mBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T18:34:46.469494Z","bundle_sha256":"93e6e235ba98f4d064159ee6ecbfeca32f2a54585f56e68d84b0af3862492956"}}