{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G","short_pith_number":"pith:57WT53LX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c300babce880f77a897edc03fc57039a89de4a11433f463e950baa337f821133","abstract_canon_sha256":"ad27a5d89c06ff2490ac5f7294645e9769a07ac3243f8255a761d824e5ef25d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efed3eed779d18646e0cd33ba63349d1a79db0c0f4092125643961c44430f4ed","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.05306","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.05306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.05306v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.05306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57WT53LXTUMG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57WT53LXTUMGI3QM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57WT53LX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c300babce880f77a897edc03fc57039a89de4a11433f463e950baa337f821133","abstract_canon_sha256":"ad27a5d89c06ff2490ac5f7294645e9769a07ac3243f8255a761d824e5ef25d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"efed3eed779d18646e0cd33ba63349d1a79db0c0f4092125643961c44430f4ed","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.822242Z","signature_b64":"NOc8QnzO3ha790u4YcPpv0VNps7/paF2lZu0J4Yov+6zpzsqTh2qqt6UlWn5oflD9ZaUkjLS2r9VV8W13yAWCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"efed3eed779d18646e0cd33ba63349d1a79db0c0f4092125643961c44430f4ed","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.821773Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.821773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1501.05306","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SnXWVo/kMiFqKlr91aPpFoVq6juBIqZMGISYrX3x/JfYZZ04EUwpG8xbOOAfd6b8Qz5laQ4Lz6MBr4QdielkDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:58:12.439210Z"},"content_sha256":"0f8ad95b94cde5d0713f24d88616092f82e5c0bf8e8567b4c38caeca4a90cc09","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0f8ad95b94cde5d0713f24d88616092f82e5c0bf8e8567b4c38caeca4a90cc09"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Dark Year for Tidal Disruption Events","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"(2) UC Santa Cruz), Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz (2) ((1) Harvard ITC, James Guillochon (1)","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The disruption of a main-sequence star by a supermassive black hole results in the initial production of an extended debris stream that winds repeatedly around the black hole, producing a complex three-dimensional figure that may self-intersect. Both analytical work and simulations have shown that typical encounters generate streams that are extremely thin. In this paper we show that this implies that even small relativistic precessions attributed to black hole spin can induce deflections that prevent the stream from self-intersecting even after many windings. Additionally, hydrodynamical simu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d1DVpxO/GtPWPndGf0HwRiQEI/BU/KFntVOkXuo5SvlSC0l0SxlghxuAedSoioG4djcNo/nUfT7EDpryMHuEDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:58:12.439612Z"},"content_sha256":"b9e30dfc4bb99be841258dcf245c493ea5231bfebc34c1c65f2860917a073446","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b9e30dfc4bb99be841258dcf245c493ea5231bfebc34c1c65f2860917a073446"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T17:58:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:57WT53LXTUMGI3QM2M52MM2J2G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ad27a5d89c06ff2490ac5f7294645e9769a07ac3243f8255a761d824e5ef25d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c300babce880f77a897edc03fc57039a89de4a11433f463e950baa337f821133"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.05306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.05306v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.05306","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"57WT53LXTUMG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"57WT53LXTUMGI3QM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"57WT53LX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b9e30dfc4bb99be841258dcf245c493ea5231bfebc34c1c65f2860917a073446","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The disruption of a main-sequence star by a supermassive black hole results in the initial production of an extended debris stream that winds repeatedly around the black hole, producing a complex three-dimensional figure that may self-intersect. Both analytical work and simulations have shown that typical encounters generate streams that are extremely thin. In this paper we show that this implies that even small relativistic precessions attributed to black hole spin can induce deflections that prevent the stream from self-intersecting even after many windings. Additionally, hydrodynamical simu","authors_text":"(2) UC Santa Cruz), Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz (2) ((1) Harvard ITC, James Guillochon (1)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","title":"A Dark Year for Tidal Disruption Events"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0f8ad95b94cde5d0713f24d88616092f82e5c0bf8e8567b4c38caeca4a90cc09","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ad27a5d89c06ff2490ac5f7294645e9769a07ac3243f8255a761d824e5ef25d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-01-21T21:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c300babce880f77a897edc03fc57039a89de4a11433f463e950baa337f821133"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.05306","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"efed3eed779d18646e0cd33ba63349d1a79db0c0f4092125643961c44430f4ed","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"efed3eed779d18646e0cd33ba63349d1a79db0c0f4092125643961c44430f4ed","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.821773Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.821773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NOc8QnzO3ha790u4YcPpv0VNps7/paF2lZu0J4Yov+6zpzsqTh2qqt6UlWn5oflD9ZaUkjLS2r9VV8W13yAWCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:33:48.822242Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1501.05306","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0f8ad95b94cde5d0713f24d88616092f82e5c0bf8e8567b4c38caeca4a90cc09","sha256:b9e30dfc4bb99be841258dcf245c493ea5231bfebc34c1c65f2860917a073446"],"state_sha256":"5dddbf03ab3b20061b76a82c233e20c0e59182dec073d7ac26c1384973e2afd1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3PSz375MEZZbQ+3sLMO5EiaV8qJSZejR9BGAZFp4ygLryuSaZmiNpqQ+UyYaNGq3X4u56MUCvDSPgGwi2OloCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T17:58:12.442691Z","bundle_sha256":"fd0a4197eef6ef55161562c9a28930e6e4b8802925a447d07aa5aefe705700d4"}}