{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP","short_pith_number":"pith:5C32FAFV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"0c33dc45e64696541f22f204d94bd8df8d6c30f3ad99aa954cf8801e642633e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"77a42e2df5312e0e64e8f577f2f1f5709e94a23f4e907710b32a19453d93c8f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8b7a280b53b5fbc3044d47bba92217bc18eb5eceeed5268216748d494e699c6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2207.00932","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.00932v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5C32FAFVHNP3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5C32FAFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"0c33dc45e64696541f22f204d94bd8df8d6c30f3ad99aa954cf8801e642633e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"77a42e2df5312e0e64e8f577f2f1f5709e94a23f4e907710b32a19453d93c8f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8b7a280b53b5fbc3044d47bba92217bc18eb5eceeed5268216748d494e699c6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317855Z","signature_b64":"OW4I6DTaYLu6WLJvTK5SZ+I5lr2Fd2qpWZbWB49JzuEgmxlxgSmxuVcPpkJ65v0CkTNzAQy2trJ9gRp5E/+wDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e8b7a280b53b5fbc3044d47bba92217bc18eb5eceeed5268216748d494e699c6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317294Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317294Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2207.00932","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Yr6uGS4UzyBpMtSefXAZTPv81PChtBl+sTgEBj5GBv75SfHj+COoDrIDKk7gGO/4zfI5dHu3t4IbSAQFIRyfCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:17:55.140141Z"},"content_sha256":"e862474c2f2a7ef3dfd948c96dfb76e4c3fb3619045048cf295f00fccc60284b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e862474c2f2a7ef3dfd948c96dfb76e4c3fb3619045048cf295f00fccc60284b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep Bellman Hedging","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","authors_text":"Ben Wood, Hans Buehler, Phillip Murray","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present an actor-critic-type reinforcement learning algorithm for solving the problem of hedging a portfolio of financial instruments such as securities and over-the-counter derivatives using purely historic data. The key characteristics of our approach are: the ability to hedge with derivatives such as forwards, swaps, futures, options; incorporation of trading frictions such as trading cost and liquidity constraints; applicability for any reasonable portfolio of financial instruments; realistic, continuous state and action spaces; and formal risk-adjusted return objectives. Most important"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2207.00932/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rPkXmlReUklijFEL9QyyloyRTrbZgXHQa7X2C8JRTrA2bdh5GqOaZ2EgPHn99Gpswsl47CwfQZcNOxA4bkpYDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:17:55.140665Z"},"content_sha256":"ef3dd80d9e2437a70c0f337aa35d0b859eef0c813d3d75728875234e4e9b8ba3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef3dd80d9e2437a70c0f337aa35d0b859eef0c813d3d75728875234e4e9b8ba3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T10:17:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE2R53VERBPP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"77a42e2df5312e0e64e8f577f2f1f5709e94a23f4e907710b32a19453d93c8f0","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c33dc45e64696541f22f204d94bd8df8d6c30f3ad99aa954cf8801e642633e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.00932v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.00932","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5C32FAFVHNP3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5C32FAFVHNP3YMCE","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5C32FAFV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef3dd80d9e2437a70c0f337aa35d0b859eef0c813d3d75728875234e4e9b8ba3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2207.00932/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present an actor-critic-type reinforcement learning algorithm for solving the problem of hedging a portfolio of financial instruments such as securities and over-the-counter derivatives using purely historic data. The key characteristics of our approach are: the ability to hedge with derivatives such as forwards, swaps, futures, options; incorporation of trading frictions such as trading cost and liquidity constraints; applicability for any reasonable portfolio of financial instruments; realistic, continuous state and action spaces; and formal risk-adjusted return objectives. Most important","authors_text":"Ben Wood, Hans Buehler, Phillip Murray","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","title":"Deep Bellman Hedging"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e862474c2f2a7ef3dfd948c96dfb76e4c3fb3619045048cf295f00fccc60284b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"77a42e2df5312e0e64e8f577f2f1f5709e94a23f4e907710b32a19453d93c8f0","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2022-07-03T01:35:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c33dc45e64696541f22f204d94bd8df8d6c30f3ad99aa954cf8801e642633e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.00932","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"e8b7a280b53b5fbc3044d47bba92217bc18eb5eceeed5268216748d494e699c6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e8b7a280b53b5fbc3044d47bba92217bc18eb5eceeed5268216748d494e699c6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317294Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317294Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OW4I6DTaYLu6WLJvTK5SZ+I5lr2Fd2qpWZbWB49JzuEgmxlxgSmxuVcPpkJ65v0CkTNzAQy2trJ9gRp5E/+wDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:16.317855Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2207.00932","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e862474c2f2a7ef3dfd948c96dfb76e4c3fb3619045048cf295f00fccc60284b","sha256:ef3dd80d9e2437a70c0f337aa35d0b859eef0c813d3d75728875234e4e9b8ba3"],"state_sha256":"2b312275051e97b04cbeaee313a413ac959ed96996b3926d8f51c993d64a3f41"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u1B/vLa3IaC/J3eQBrE8C7hpOf0rsLL3RHNr/99Wkf0+rXTCDMIWHa21HjKfTwVz6xwoQb4DCmAvFlKXSnA+Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:17:55.145612Z","bundle_sha256":"6763288c2dac9cfb3cca3baa7bdd916308c8ba12583824c1b8d0ad5f3c817dcb"}}