{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2","short_pith_number":"pith:5CBNK5US","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"303f8d697ae3ed88d928ce063cf9ff7add40f14ea46fd467d8bf47263c2563dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d24a5082922f399af3150c6b0277bd3132149a3797bf11fdc125594f612e30e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e882d57692f527c43c22e17bcd27882690f27cfc62aa724c0e85dc6c44420e69","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.08976","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.08976","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.08976v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.08976","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5CBNK5US6UT4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5CBNK5US","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"303f8d697ae3ed88d928ce063cf9ff7add40f14ea46fd467d8bf47263c2563dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d24a5082922f399af3150c6b0277bd3132149a3797bf11fdc125594f612e30e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e882d57692f527c43c22e17bcd27882690f27cfc62aa724c0e85dc6c44420e69","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.754023Z","signature_b64":"6Aoi0V+IH9tAkCyIW+DpJMNwrW/ASN6JH2ku9gmN+qoVwtNEDPSaoe8HPCLbNx/YowwK+7tfWKY9w0IbukhsCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e882d57692f527c43c22e17bcd27882690f27cfc62aa724c0e85dc6c44420e69","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.753613Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.753613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.08976","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"thOP+1ORp/HtkYE6GqMtweWyY+yKhC4VpZAxlXENn/m8ykIOwLl8T3GC1jWl7VBixt9n/Cfg/DvszjtXpPSxCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:38.442337Z"},"content_sha256":"0b5d1920480a4d3331ba5a6bfb6f3c035e582301ab72076052dbbc5499947cad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b5d1920480a4d3331ba5a6bfb6f3c035e582301ab72076052dbbc5499947cad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ambipolar diffusion in large Prandtl number turbulence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Axel Brandenburg","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the effects of ambipolar diffusion (AD) on hydromagnetic turbulence. In most of the cases, we use the single fluid approximation where the drift velocity between charged and neutral particles is proportional to the Lorentz force. In two cases we also compare with the corresponding two-fluid model, where ionization and recombination are included in the continuity and momentum equations for the neutral and charged species. We consider the regime of large magnetic Prandtl number, relevant to the interstellar medium. The magnetic field properties are found to be well represented by the si"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ik+9RnJwRdjHol0qyvWq2lxvQZP84REGYtN7z7Hr0gnqcy0uJlFI1ZOKXzRXhoYdMzDsYMWA+8vsn/WgdLOPCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:38.443616Z"},"content_sha256":"50b6ac6ff43c752ff5eae15ac23992d82b9f7b246ff751a836862cda383eb941","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50b6ac6ff43c752ff5eae15ac23992d82b9f7b246ff751a836862cda383eb941"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC4F542J4IE2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d24a5082922f399af3150c6b0277bd3132149a3797bf11fdc125594f612e30e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"303f8d697ae3ed88d928ce063cf9ff7add40f14ea46fd467d8bf47263c2563dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.08976","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.08976v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.08976","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5CBNK5US6UT4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5CBNK5US6UT4IPBC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5CBNK5US","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:50b6ac6ff43c752ff5eae15ac23992d82b9f7b246ff751a836862cda383eb941","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the effects of ambipolar diffusion (AD) on hydromagnetic turbulence. In most of the cases, we use the single fluid approximation where the drift velocity between charged and neutral particles is proportional to the Lorentz force. In two cases we also compare with the corresponding two-fluid model, where ionization and recombination are included in the continuity and momentum equations for the neutral and charged species. We consider the regime of large magnetic Prandtl number, relevant to the interstellar medium. The magnetic field properties are found to be well represented by the si","authors_text":"Axel Brandenburg","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","title":"Ambipolar diffusion in large Prandtl number turbulence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0b5d1920480a4d3331ba5a6bfb6f3c035e582301ab72076052dbbc5499947cad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d24a5082922f399af3150c6b0277bd3132149a3797bf11fdc125594f612e30e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-21T13:15:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"303f8d697ae3ed88d928ce063cf9ff7add40f14ea46fd467d8bf47263c2563dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.08976","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"e882d57692f527c43c22e17bcd27882690f27cfc62aa724c0e85dc6c44420e69","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e882d57692f527c43c22e17bcd27882690f27cfc62aa724c0e85dc6c44420e69","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.753613Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.753613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6Aoi0V+IH9tAkCyIW+DpJMNwrW/ASN6JH2ku9gmN+qoVwtNEDPSaoe8HPCLbNx/YowwK+7tfWKY9w0IbukhsCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.754023Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.08976","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0b5d1920480a4d3331ba5a6bfb6f3c035e582301ab72076052dbbc5499947cad","sha256:50b6ac6ff43c752ff5eae15ac23992d82b9f7b246ff751a836862cda383eb941"],"state_sha256":"5c1cca0fada0bc26d09b9b224043eb5207b1cd3dccf08d77a80dd83207de7c7c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0Bcv+xg8RId0ezT35mOMQmWYhz5ZuySquzkXsgm9Yfjufev4zoTyvX48aE2ysNQIW8vkkxjhI3LF8fBpJLoOBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:38.447878Z","bundle_sha256":"ae4b9190130f6771cfd0349404a8443ef2a46f382ef2b70488be36298183eaf7"}}