{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR","short_pith_number":"pith:5DKNOQG3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"a9c5063d266d4c76445da2ac7c0d6772f186ff845fdef6973c4ddc7e3aba8422","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f7ed5074d8107f2141abb845a982ee3eb6510c8a50e9b69fd2745e3cf2e9811"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8d4d740db7728a38d621be6d15b4b14577aab9926b082780ec8881eb0f429cd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.21584","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21584","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21584v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21584","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3O4UK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"a9c5063d266d4c76445da2ac7c0d6772f186ff845fdef6973c4ddc7e3aba8422","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f7ed5074d8107f2141abb845a982ee3eb6510c8a50e9b69fd2745e3cf2e9811"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8d4d740db7728a38d621be6d15b4b14577aab9926b082780ec8881eb0f429cd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442542Z","signature_b64":"Fll6cpbTxxnTZtR/QM4N8mesEQ/DbSREP2euU/ke54wbyvQYbYML9V9MolTVpytkR8zFGMi6r1+/WI0rNxd2Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e8d4d740db7728a38d621be6d15b4b14577aab9926b082780ec8881eb0f429cd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442021Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.21584","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WAy3kreFqQOhQCMhHv2hksPnZscf7cdnvSAyHFBWS2eNfvZqBF7QNgujGun3uzIY1zlb/W/iM16heg14Ane+AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:25:50.847209Z"},"content_sha256":"d814a06be6f0e4257d4d128088d9564ea78d61e38b21f1ebf173c9c9311c622f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d814a06be6f0e4257d4d128088d9564ea78d61e38b21f1ebf173c9c9311c622f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fairness in Federated Learning: Fairness for Whom?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Afaf Taik, Golnoosh Farnadi, Khaoula Chehbouni","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Fairness in federated learning has emerged as a rapidly growing area of research, with numerous works proposing formal definitions and algorithmic interventions. Yet, despite this technical progress, fairness in FL is often defined and evaluated in ways that abstract away from the sociotechnical contexts in which these systems are deployed. In this paper, we argue that existing approaches tend to optimize narrow system level metrics, such as performance parity or contribution-based rewards, while overlooking how harms arise throughout the FL lifecycle and how they impact diverse stakeholders. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21584/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EHm+fWMmPu8IYdzZewGWJkDhuzeJC5sz5xjEhgsxF01rxGjDNtXG5yZoRlOveznBuRyUCQk6e9Z2B8RmoAS2Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:25:50.847877Z"},"content_sha256":"8cafeda73e377332f9398228618b9fcf448875296c0780e14dd12c3182e2801b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cafeda73e377332f9398228618b9fcf448875296c0780e14dd12c3182e2801b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T21:25:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLCDPTNCW2LCR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f7ed5074d8107f2141abb845a982ee3eb6510c8a50e9b69fd2745e3cf2e9811","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9c5063d266d4c76445da2ac7c0d6772f186ff845fdef6973c4ddc7e3aba8422"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21584","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21584v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21584","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3O4UK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3O4UKHDLC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5DKNOQG3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8cafeda73e377332f9398228618b9fcf448875296c0780e14dd12c3182e2801b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21584/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Fairness in federated learning has emerged as a rapidly growing area of research, with numerous works proposing formal definitions and algorithmic interventions. Yet, despite this technical progress, fairness in FL is often defined and evaluated in ways that abstract away from the sociotechnical contexts in which these systems are deployed. In this paper, we argue that existing approaches tend to optimize narrow system level metrics, such as performance parity or contribution-based rewards, while overlooking how harms arise throughout the FL lifecycle and how they impact diverse stakeholders. ","authors_text":"Afaf Taik, Golnoosh Farnadi, Khaoula Chehbouni","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","title":"Fairness in Federated Learning: Fairness for Whom?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d814a06be6f0e4257d4d128088d9564ea78d61e38b21f1ebf173c9c9311c622f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f7ed5074d8107f2141abb845a982ee3eb6510c8a50e9b69fd2745e3cf2e9811","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T10:41:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9c5063d266d4c76445da2ac7c0d6772f186ff845fdef6973c4ddc7e3aba8422"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21584","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e8d4d740db7728a38d621be6d15b4b14577aab9926b082780ec8881eb0f429cd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e8d4d740db7728a38d621be6d15b4b14577aab9926b082780ec8881eb0f429cd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442021Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Fll6cpbTxxnTZtR/QM4N8mesEQ/DbSREP2euU/ke54wbyvQYbYML9V9MolTVpytkR8zFGMi6r1+/WI0rNxd2Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:00.442542Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.21584","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d814a06be6f0e4257d4d128088d9564ea78d61e38b21f1ebf173c9c9311c622f","sha256:8cafeda73e377332f9398228618b9fcf448875296c0780e14dd12c3182e2801b"],"state_sha256":"70c24b43a163bb53ecc85ce59b7ef1ff06d117fcaa50820fe65af42233aa1c2f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/TXgdfPLqxbcQ2mCfPe7tSr2g2yg7W3heuhGRTLtMxLV0jBwjqzIsND31LTGrvu/lip5x2xqffb/GIhGadY2BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:25:50.853688Z","bundle_sha256":"1b256be521036561b23738301fa54c6a1bc7b87dcd565d27557c26998a749c08"}}