{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6","short_pith_number":"pith:5DW7OSCQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38a523cab8f582b44d0c125e7e8d853183dea556aedf53713370de51af966cdf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d89e918eafe03c75f0b378dfa6ff046dd2fc9f4b5481df92f670cf5058b30b7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8edf74850d4c5dc1b64211011a0daaf914acdf5a9c3b2402b85e079977459e0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.05283","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.05283","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.05283v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.05283","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ2TC5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3E","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38a523cab8f582b44d0c125e7e8d853183dea556aedf53713370de51af966cdf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d89e918eafe03c75f0b378dfa6ff046dd2fc9f4b5481df92f670cf5058b30b7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e8edf74850d4c5dc1b64211011a0daaf914acdf5a9c3b2402b85e079977459e0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.078041Z","signature_b64":"pZ0qYGJsenba+NUgXmIni6xVJZqbCB4NueSZxtLC2W6lrh1f7Pzlque5LzkjBi85094pKeaxveJKYQ2QZhakAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e8edf74850d4c5dc1b64211011a0daaf914acdf5a9c3b2402b85e079977459e0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.077595Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.077595Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.05283","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P53mM3IoPIeQruxSoXV8MnedhS0DTDTBAmGXhLQ6P5EtDFQLCufxtnHP8ulFRJ2NL/EYRtqllBuoN1ElK+IkBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T14:53:14.505034Z"},"content_sha256":"09c5892657d201069ad165186c69f7386d211e3052d1327d79ab3a817abf82c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09c5892657d201069ad165186c69f7386d211e3052d1327d79ab3a817abf82c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shape effect on ice melting in flowing water","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.geo-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Christopher J. Howland, Detlef Lohse, Hao-Ran Liu, Roberto Verzicco, Rui Yang","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Iceberg melting is a critical factor for climate change, contributing to rising sea levels and climate change. However, the shape of an iceberg is an often neglected aspect of its melting process. Our study investigates the influence of different ice shapes and ambient flow velocities on melt rates by conducting direct numerical simulations. Our study focuses on the ellipsoidal shape, with the aspect ratio as the control parameter. It plays a crucial role in the melting process, resulting in significant variations in the melt rate between different shapes. Without flow, the optimal shape for a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.05283/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ksrmwb8XGHCvSUA2e8JBs5ivydVltQus5WMv8rr458gySTofi+oV1AP4AUlgMOl2EMzCpyzbQIyXIw/ZhvnQAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T14:53:14.505426Z"},"content_sha256":"3ee5e87869cf0524f6b8fbd33a3c703a9a3055027d3a6056d0c7157bd8482a6c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3ee5e87869cf0524f6b8fbd33a3c703a9a3055027d3a6056d0c7157bd8482a6c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T14:53:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3EEEIBDIG2V6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d89e918eafe03c75f0b378dfa6ff046dd2fc9f4b5481df92f670cf5058b30b7f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"38a523cab8f582b44d0c125e7e8d853183dea556aedf53713370de51af966cdf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.05283","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.05283v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.05283","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ2TC5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ2TC5YG3E","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5DW7OSCQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3ee5e87869cf0524f6b8fbd33a3c703a9a3055027d3a6056d0c7157bd8482a6c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.05283/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Iceberg melting is a critical factor for climate change, contributing to rising sea levels and climate change. However, the shape of an iceberg is an often neglected aspect of its melting process. Our study investigates the influence of different ice shapes and ambient flow velocities on melt rates by conducting direct numerical simulations. Our study focuses on the ellipsoidal shape, with the aspect ratio as the control parameter. It plays a crucial role in the melting process, resulting in significant variations in the melt rate between different shapes. Without flow, the optimal shape for a","authors_text":"Christopher J. Howland, Detlef Lohse, Hao-Ran Liu, Roberto Verzicco, Rui Yang","cross_cats":["physics.geo-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","title":"Shape effect on ice melting in flowing water"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:09c5892657d201069ad165186c69f7386d211e3052d1327d79ab3a817abf82c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d89e918eafe03c75f0b378dfa6ff046dd2fc9f4b5481df92f670cf5058b30b7f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T07:42:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"38a523cab8f582b44d0c125e7e8d853183dea556aedf53713370de51af966cdf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.05283","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e8edf74850d4c5dc1b64211011a0daaf914acdf5a9c3b2402b85e079977459e0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e8edf74850d4c5dc1b64211011a0daaf914acdf5a9c3b2402b85e079977459e0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.077595Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.077595Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pZ0qYGJsenba+NUgXmIni6xVJZqbCB4NueSZxtLC2W6lrh1f7Pzlque5LzkjBi85094pKeaxveJKYQ2QZhakAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:33.078041Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.05283","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:09c5892657d201069ad165186c69f7386d211e3052d1327d79ab3a817abf82c8","sha256:3ee5e87869cf0524f6b8fbd33a3c703a9a3055027d3a6056d0c7157bd8482a6c"],"state_sha256":"65e9018409e7aa40b01db7d308d9fb14840ba04fdb544cf9676d140af465ed4a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LyHpaKkM5Bg0CUpqR0R8KIf1bduV1JoBX+NQkcUBwVPbg8g5rf6bGcK62nrCEUUSa0eaq8yJ8V46igVtEWlHDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T14:53:14.507712Z","bundle_sha256":"3968c375445c0e5522b89fbe6c4b1409229d02f3579e90866c92ee0c7683680f"}}