{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ","short_pith_number":"pith:5E26MAQF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"981983e8827474df01521bad026f76068888afc1725ab738c782193c1036f6b4","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed2bc9bfe9fa08bbe4de001658468fb41b4923ae8290d1e3b223cca0ec7bb552"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e935e60205492f2bb11b525e5782284649da4da5f03d86b8eaf1535024d340ba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.05508","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.05508","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.05508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.05508","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5E26MAQFJEXS","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5E26MAQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"981983e8827474df01521bad026f76068888afc1725ab738c782193c1036f6b4","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed2bc9bfe9fa08bbe4de001658468fb41b4923ae8290d1e3b223cca0ec7bb552"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e935e60205492f2bb11b525e5782284649da4da5f03d86b8eaf1535024d340ba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416731Z","signature_b64":"9t+oXHlfp8H5vkeiIM80QK8nJUPSoxNowH0IKXaAn0+VYUVRRWC6dvUoO4vKBjeDW9OpzAPrz9XkbC9gZGJ/Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e935e60205492f2bb11b525e5782284649da4da5f03d86b8eaf1535024d340ba","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416293Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416293Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.05508","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8SYmCOOHkUAfRZq+CDt4upNllH6VKwkMefN2boH8KiW3tzmj2+FoufXMpNUyJyVI15ASujfg5PzSjanxTX4LCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T23:06:25.242067Z"},"content_sha256":"25903c3e1fbcfb5bff371b91f0b3cec15d1d5fd7959a485794beb4bca7c5c18a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:25903c3e1fbcfb5bff371b91f0b3cec15d1d5fd7959a485794beb4bca7c5c18a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Probing Quasar Viewing Angle with the Variability Structure Function","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Christian Wolf, Ji-Jia Tang, John Tonry, Samuel Lai, Suk Yee Yong, Zachary Steyn","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Given the anisotropic emission from quasar accretion discs, their viewing angle affects estimates of the quasar luminosity, black-hole mass and Eddington ratio. Discs appear overluminous when viewed pole-on and underluminous when viewed at high inclination. In radio-quiet quasars, the viewing angle is usually unknown, although spectroscopic indicators have been proposed. Here, we use a recently discovered universality in the variability structure function (SF) of quasar light curves (LCs), where all quasars show the same SF when clocks run in units of orbital timescale. As an offset from the m"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.05508/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J8dg/WPO8uBoZi/KD2PQiCRODZp+f6tKXOA/oK8Y/F7ogmqtXhwA+e5z1YQQ2P1vI/SO3li7BZi10IdN+TO+Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T23:06:25.242460Z"},"content_sha256":"e9f40beb07cbe84d5e9a1e792fd5b198588fd78bded9572c2034319ccce0172b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9f40beb07cbe84d5e9a1e792fd5b198588fd78bded9572c2034319ccce0172b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T23:06:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3KJPFPARIIZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed2bc9bfe9fa08bbe4de001658468fb41b4923ae8290d1e3b223cca0ec7bb552","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"981983e8827474df01521bad026f76068888afc1725ab738c782193c1036f6b4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.05508","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.05508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.05508","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5E26MAQFJEXS","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5E26MAQFJEXSXMI3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5E26MAQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e9f40beb07cbe84d5e9a1e792fd5b198588fd78bded9572c2034319ccce0172b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.05508/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Given the anisotropic emission from quasar accretion discs, their viewing angle affects estimates of the quasar luminosity, black-hole mass and Eddington ratio. Discs appear overluminous when viewed pole-on and underluminous when viewed at high inclination. In radio-quiet quasars, the viewing angle is usually unknown, although spectroscopic indicators have been proposed. Here, we use a recently discovered universality in the variability structure function (SF) of quasar light curves (LCs), where all quasars show the same SF when clocks run in units of orbital timescale. As an offset from the m","authors_text":"Christian Wolf, Ji-Jia Tang, John Tonry, Samuel Lai, Suk Yee Yong, Zachary Steyn","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","title":"Probing Quasar Viewing Angle with the Variability Structure Function"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:25903c3e1fbcfb5bff371b91f0b3cec15d1d5fd7959a485794beb4bca7c5c18a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed2bc9bfe9fa08bbe4de001658468fb41b4923ae8290d1e3b223cca0ec7bb552","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-06-08T19:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"981983e8827474df01521bad026f76068888afc1725ab738c782193c1036f6b4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.05508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e935e60205492f2bb11b525e5782284649da4da5f03d86b8eaf1535024d340ba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e935e60205492f2bb11b525e5782284649da4da5f03d86b8eaf1535024d340ba","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416293Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416293Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9t+oXHlfp8H5vkeiIM80QK8nJUPSoxNowH0IKXaAn0+VYUVRRWC6dvUoO4vKBjeDW9OpzAPrz9XkbC9gZGJ/Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:32.416731Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.05508","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:25903c3e1fbcfb5bff371b91f0b3cec15d1d5fd7959a485794beb4bca7c5c18a","sha256:e9f40beb07cbe84d5e9a1e792fd5b198588fd78bded9572c2034319ccce0172b"],"state_sha256":"fb72a0ea05bf7a2a5f62464312268affa1394e99586fe65f705fced720d8bce9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/k+Q1f4mMP8MRx1Lwr1A5YpJ98AAONJYSPAM/wYW/VDwaSa7SYYsGfG/0Wu6k1H7IYmnJ8kTAcJ+omH0YBeyAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T23:06:25.244418Z","bundle_sha256":"efbac57500e3731e5f9d0b3293d540ec42b95a501cbd8af749fd9c29e7313134"}}