{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G","short_pith_number":"pith:5EXA4LIO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"d903eb8385e5fdc6710066065c855d7c0c880172b78d0dad41b5df00b3b84b7e","abstract_canon_sha256":"b6b72cbbe50ab93c2aa5599506391b85595064586b9d9db80b1721d79ab45def"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e92e0e2d0e7e2062ff828065cd5d66f1af1c18fce8a629c2ae6f31f3b5a40fe5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.01224","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.01224","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.01224v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.01224","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5EXA4LIOPYQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5EXA4LIOPYQGF74C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5EXA4LIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"d903eb8385e5fdc6710066065c855d7c0c880172b78d0dad41b5df00b3b84b7e","abstract_canon_sha256":"b6b72cbbe50ab93c2aa5599506391b85595064586b9d9db80b1721d79ab45def"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e92e0e2d0e7e2062ff828065cd5d66f1af1c18fce8a629c2ae6f31f3b5a40fe5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844611Z","signature_b64":"fZRXMitkx8th3nU20iBsHzISsP48B1w626VMKMgFt4NAQuaIBtj4tu4kkmL/sqRI9pbJeLuO7hogJS5XXy2fDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e92e0e2d0e7e2062ff828065cd5d66f1af1c18fce8a629c2ae6f31f3b5a40fe5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844152Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.01224","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U6Qql96kQmIK/0khe4vdNA7nYVLNl76CCO/gAHdYOJX3FOP5w38Z0og21ANkXiAx/aS2uW4EIjkMO2w4PLuKBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:54:57.883501Z"},"content_sha256":"092b45a8cb7ed9d89532c1f05e76c2a1394a701140ec8f2287fc89de75726776","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:092b45a8cb7ed9d89532c1f05e76c2a1394a701140ec8f2287fc89de75726776"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimizing Data Shapley Interaction Calculation from O(2^n) to O(t n^2) for KNN models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dorra El Mekki, Eyke H\\\"ullermeier, Maximilian Rabus, Mohamed Karim Belaid","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the rapid growth of data availability and usage, quantifying the added value of each training data point has become a crucial process in the field of artificial intelligence. The Shapley values have been recognized as an effective method for data valuation, enabling efficient training set summarization, acquisition, and outlier removal. In this paper, we introduce \"STI-KNN\", an innovative algorithm that calculates the exact pair-interaction Shapley values for KNN models in O(t n^2) time, which is a significant improvement over the O(2^n)$ time complexity of baseline methods. By using STI-"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.01224/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hDrajrx6zvikVMZu457yi4WW9fThjfGm17vkSZknHkE1jDJv9eQkkbWUnMib2uYShBgK4KS3CF/ACpflnqRqBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:54:57.884102Z"},"content_sha256":"c5ee45a4849b9a0d9b4334831c063dcf3287f4b7ea3ae8b2095fb02a12ec2751","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5ee45a4849b9a0d9b4334831c063dcf3287f4b7ea3ae8b2095fb02a12ec2751"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T17:54:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5EXA4LIOPYQGF74CQBS42XLG6G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b6b72cbbe50ab93c2aa5599506391b85595064586b9d9db80b1721d79ab45def","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"d903eb8385e5fdc6710066065c855d7c0c880172b78d0dad41b5df00b3b84b7e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.01224","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.01224v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.01224","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5EXA4LIOPYQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5EXA4LIOPYQGF74C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5EXA4LIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c5ee45a4849b9a0d9b4334831c063dcf3287f4b7ea3ae8b2095fb02a12ec2751","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.01224/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the rapid growth of data availability and usage, quantifying the added value of each training data point has become a crucial process in the field of artificial intelligence. The Shapley values have been recognized as an effective method for data valuation, enabling efficient training set summarization, acquisition, and outlier removal. In this paper, we introduce \"STI-KNN\", an innovative algorithm that calculates the exact pair-interaction Shapley values for KNN models in O(t n^2) time, which is a significant improvement over the O(2^n)$ time complexity of baseline methods. By using STI-","authors_text":"Dorra El Mekki, Eyke H\\\"ullermeier, Maximilian Rabus, Mohamed Karim Belaid","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","title":"Optimizing Data Shapley Interaction Calculation from O(2^n) to O(t n^2) for KNN models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:092b45a8cb7ed9d89532c1f05e76c2a1394a701140ec8f2287fc89de75726776","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b6b72cbbe50ab93c2aa5599506391b85595064586b9d9db80b1721d79ab45def","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-02T06:15:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"d903eb8385e5fdc6710066065c855d7c0c880172b78d0dad41b5df00b3b84b7e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.01224","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e92e0e2d0e7e2062ff828065cd5d66f1af1c18fce8a629c2ae6f31f3b5a40fe5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e92e0e2d0e7e2062ff828065cd5d66f1af1c18fce8a629c2ae6f31f3b5a40fe5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844152Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fZRXMitkx8th3nU20iBsHzISsP48B1w626VMKMgFt4NAQuaIBtj4tu4kkmL/sqRI9pbJeLuO7hogJS5XXy2fDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:37.844611Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.01224","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:092b45a8cb7ed9d89532c1f05e76c2a1394a701140ec8f2287fc89de75726776","sha256:c5ee45a4849b9a0d9b4334831c063dcf3287f4b7ea3ae8b2095fb02a12ec2751"],"state_sha256":"f056d6e7e527d072ed4d3f1747f74820517a681fd3905a926c07c24c0ade36eb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pmr+FoKqGXY3gDVpbHfe11SH6FAvEDYZAIcCGpNNMqS12qQAuayKH+6/qwJcpMNwutN0DoBOPanDDQ0kCgbLBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:54:57.889516Z","bundle_sha256":"ae40fcfee74a09b6ce921f42693cfe6b518c26e11ad58d6c04ef5e2405f46e50"}}