{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ","short_pith_number":"pith:5F4EXNLI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a6ae53e46b59e7e3cee6438ffc0520f1b7e0f90104fe146a218269566f42d9d0","abstract_canon_sha256":"24f71a00909680fb56c5bf644251957362a46af64171a0d8742b5dce3e4655eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9784bb568cf2b477693c17d1e44051e4110eb584f80ed90e2aa1bebd4522175","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.02072","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.02072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.02072v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.02072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5F4EXNLIZ4VU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5F4EXNLI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a6ae53e46b59e7e3cee6438ffc0520f1b7e0f90104fe146a218269566f42d9d0","abstract_canon_sha256":"24f71a00909680fb56c5bf644251957362a46af64171a0d8742b5dce3e4655eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9784bb568cf2b477693c17d1e44051e4110eb584f80ed90e2aa1bebd4522175","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.817204Z","signature_b64":"idvwCd/wOVX6iUXXPVxC4EbyJVg8rtNVwg2L8HTRrZeKRaZyeonl/xCcYyhtnWJ2Yr2XtcLOr+j4pRLuXZLtDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e9784bb568cf2b477693c17d1e44051e4110eb584f80ed90e2aa1bebd4522175","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.816776Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.816776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2112.02072","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q2AQvYh7ByTPRoUaAjwhZsgj8l+ud4QZSG4GjI8/eCkp/wl3YSD7sirFZKnsVf6Cr7z+qwgCLJaslhevwBrBBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T09:03:31.275429Z"},"content_sha256":"20455564a04051ed9c7bc36a030a81b3102436043b897c841851226f3e1f76eb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:20455564a04051ed9c7bc36a030a81b3102436043b897c841851226f3e1f76eb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep learning method for identifying mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"G. Rubtsov, I. Kharuk, M. Kuznetsov, O. Kalashev, T. Sako, Ya. Zhezher, Y. Tsunesada","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a novel method for identifying the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays using deep learning. The key idea of the method is to use a chain of two neural networks. The first network predicts the type of a primary particle for individual events, while the second infers the mass composition of an ensemble of events. We apply this method to the Monte-Carlo data for the Telescope Array Surface Detectors readings, on which it yields an unprecedented low error of 7% for 4-component approximation. We also discuss the problems of applying the developed method to the experimenta"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.02072/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XNxNjckbxJWEMItfEAKOLOuI86yz8Jpkg4h/mRTRC5A4fhGhwa7E6eze9D6j6btWt49SkqAvySV7L/hoERBhBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T09:03:31.276039Z"},"content_sha256":"a6a8388d72270000119cd9c5bd6c98307d564de4942e35262d2629ddade7380e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6a8388d72270000119cd9c5bd6c98307d564de4942e35262d2629ddade7380e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T09:03:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UTYF6R4RAFDZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24f71a00909680fb56c5bf644251957362a46af64171a0d8742b5dce3e4655eb","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a6ae53e46b59e7e3cee6438ffc0520f1b7e0f90104fe146a218269566f42d9d0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.02072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.02072v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.02072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5F4EXNLIZ4VU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5F4EXNLIZ4VUO5UT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5F4EXNLI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6a8388d72270000119cd9c5bd6c98307d564de4942e35262d2629ddade7380e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2112.02072/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a novel method for identifying the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays using deep learning. The key idea of the method is to use a chain of two neural networks. The first network predicts the type of a primary particle for individual events, while the second infers the mass composition of an ensemble of events. We apply this method to the Monte-Carlo data for the Telescope Array Surface Detectors readings, on which it yields an unprecedented low error of 7% for 4-component approximation. We also discuss the problems of applying the developed method to the experimenta","authors_text":"G. Rubtsov, I. Kharuk, M. Kuznetsov, O. Kalashev, T. Sako, Ya. Zhezher, Y. Tsunesada","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","title":"Deep learning method for identifying mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:20455564a04051ed9c7bc36a030a81b3102436043b897c841851226f3e1f76eb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24f71a00909680fb56c5bf644251957362a46af64171a0d8742b5dce3e4655eb","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-12-03T18:35:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a6ae53e46b59e7e3cee6438ffc0520f1b7e0f90104fe146a218269566f42d9d0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e9784bb568cf2b477693c17d1e44051e4110eb584f80ed90e2aa1bebd4522175","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e9784bb568cf2b477693c17d1e44051e4110eb584f80ed90e2aa1bebd4522175","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.816776Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.816776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"idvwCd/wOVX6iUXXPVxC4EbyJVg8rtNVwg2L8HTRrZeKRaZyeonl/xCcYyhtnWJ2Yr2XtcLOr+j4pRLuXZLtDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:47.817204Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2112.02072","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:20455564a04051ed9c7bc36a030a81b3102436043b897c841851226f3e1f76eb","sha256:a6a8388d72270000119cd9c5bd6c98307d564de4942e35262d2629ddade7380e"],"state_sha256":"652a2c0ab6f260d4dad9be915a5f991001eac492d70c159159ecd628a5bed5e4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vfQCxtZtreb+zGKym+tLdFxY71yoQ28xIEdVpBXY35OvtwiFcieG7NC8YAVSJcyotXis4YnbtLeW89q742K3DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T09:03:31.318328Z","bundle_sha256":"f7624885a79618e4506c2cd71225153e31b10c6415a9f0abe21ecf0c92b0eb07"}}