{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH","short_pith_number":"pith:5GTMVTAX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e97ed33867c8b6b7833a0c1be48a9c5f68346950900423ae6702e1810fcf53b","abstract_canon_sha256":"21b08c0f309901421994633d2848a297853e895d421a989dfbafb7450d3156dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9a6cacc177d51430735587c8e9dc311fed4fe4da6a80e93e7224b0adeddfb1c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.16107","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.16107","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.16107v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.16107","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5GTMVTAXPVIU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5GTMVTAX","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e97ed33867c8b6b7833a0c1be48a9c5f68346950900423ae6702e1810fcf53b","abstract_canon_sha256":"21b08c0f309901421994633d2848a297853e895d421a989dfbafb7450d3156dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9a6cacc177d51430735587c8e9dc311fed4fe4da6a80e93e7224b0adeddfb1c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500548Z","signature_b64":"widQKeTpLJ8Bwp/Q2iIJALkTqTsHrsEONX9yxiEhlXM+GkCbevWFHL3ss/3wayP+emrXKBv9EO1eQxLfvyS4Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e9a6cacc177d51430735587c8e9dc311fed4fe4da6a80e93e7224b0adeddfb1c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500092Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500092Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.16107","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ly1MQe5SZmmIfGLHW2qg1KC2h8tI5mNfxhGypU9ukjFQb9GdAsDuKsPkStlog4R77RA+4IS8rRnnr7LoNkDhCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T04:02:57.912161Z"},"content_sha256":"a0b85f631e195b27d32d8af0d9e0ac92cab24f70a9babef5ea7ff0fe83354289","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0b85f631e195b27d32d8af0d9e0ac92cab24f70a9babef5ea7ff0fe83354289"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Do LLMs write like humans? Variation in grammatical and rhetorical styles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alex Reinhart, Ben Markey, David West Brown, Gordon Weinberg, Kachatad Pantusen, Michael Laudenbach, Ronald Yurko","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) are capable of writing grammatical text that follows instructions, answers questions, and solves problems. As they have advanced, it has become difficult to distinguish their output from human-written text. While past research has found some differences in surface features such as word choice and punctuation, and developed classifiers to detect LLM output, none has studied the rhetorical styles of LLMs.\n  Using several variants of Llama 3 and GPT-4o, we construct two parallel corpora of human- and LLM-written texts from common prompts. Using Douglas Biber's set of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.16107/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4BOD9I0lZVo6sieHesz5AR7D2DUmt+uqZhMyF/olbMLPkHdiLSx8tJv/9YXNBSzGru2aDQ9JLO5TBsf2ExS2Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T04:02:57.912783Z"},"content_sha256":"22b2f6cf213273618e5ec2b8654ad74640b98fd0837d8a6c5be31e6d5f9065b9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22b2f6cf213273618e5ec2b8654ad74640b98fd0837d8a6c5be31e6d5f9065b9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T04:02:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZVLB6I5HODCH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21b08c0f309901421994633d2848a297853e895d421a989dfbafb7450d3156dd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e97ed33867c8b6b7833a0c1be48a9c5f68346950900423ae6702e1810fcf53b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.16107","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.16107v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.16107","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5GTMVTAXPVIU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5GTMVTAXPVIUGBZV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5GTMVTAX","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:22b2f6cf213273618e5ec2b8654ad74640b98fd0837d8a6c5be31e6d5f9065b9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.16107/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) are capable of writing grammatical text that follows instructions, answers questions, and solves problems. As they have advanced, it has become difficult to distinguish their output from human-written text. While past research has found some differences in surface features such as word choice and punctuation, and developed classifiers to detect LLM output, none has studied the rhetorical styles of LLMs.\n  Using several variants of Llama 3 and GPT-4o, we construct two parallel corpora of human- and LLM-written texts from common prompts. Using Douglas Biber's set of ","authors_text":"Alex Reinhart, Ben Markey, David West Brown, Gordon Weinberg, Kachatad Pantusen, Michael Laudenbach, Ronald Yurko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","title":"Do LLMs write like humans? Variation in grammatical and rhetorical styles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a0b85f631e195b27d32d8af0d9e0ac92cab24f70a9babef5ea7ff0fe83354289","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21b08c0f309901421994633d2848a297853e895d421a989dfbafb7450d3156dd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:35:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e97ed33867c8b6b7833a0c1be48a9c5f68346950900423ae6702e1810fcf53b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.16107","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e9a6cacc177d51430735587c8e9dc311fed4fe4da6a80e93e7224b0adeddfb1c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e9a6cacc177d51430735587c8e9dc311fed4fe4da6a80e93e7224b0adeddfb1c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500092Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500092Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"widQKeTpLJ8Bwp/Q2iIJALkTqTsHrsEONX9yxiEhlXM+GkCbevWFHL3ss/3wayP+emrXKBv9EO1eQxLfvyS4Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:19.500548Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.16107","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a0b85f631e195b27d32d8af0d9e0ac92cab24f70a9babef5ea7ff0fe83354289","sha256:22b2f6cf213273618e5ec2b8654ad74640b98fd0837d8a6c5be31e6d5f9065b9"],"state_sha256":"4ac69143e973e1397cae667d1bee610bace198f82fb1135707effbc3be5a213e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eDQkiqb6dYOQffyu2emGbAh4wtfNYalTVfWSTJVJd0TFjzsdjDyI2IL93ikpDPK34pP0wpctrEzT98Ju5BH0Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T04:02:57.918320Z","bundle_sha256":"52f7c666525b16126d3de9ad8cddd6d0c02f7e5a6fea0c6d91d26b022b232efa"}}