{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH","short_pith_number":"pith:5HANMJFI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"c7946e400d718ebd3d180a399f9ca9ccdf0d7cb94434176dc796d960d4e175d1","abstract_canon_sha256":"a45d767e29bc9902cb6beba0bafe33a4034f9e7c418867cd0fcacbdf1b82581b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9c0d624a8e48b289ca152d7e66d3529d2fec0e4fb6276eb3c452d280586204b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2006.03637","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.03637","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.03637v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.03637","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5HANMJFI4SFS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5HANMJFI4SFSRHFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5HANMJFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"c7946e400d718ebd3d180a399f9ca9ccdf0d7cb94434176dc796d960d4e175d1","abstract_canon_sha256":"a45d767e29bc9902cb6beba0bafe33a4034f9e7c418867cd0fcacbdf1b82581b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9c0d624a8e48b289ca152d7e66d3529d2fec0e4fb6276eb3c452d280586204b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750984Z","signature_b64":"LMowaI0IQ/ZCzlcW7KJuGrSEWjy+EhFep1RjRyM5wBNhtygctreEhpHYErT1z4q+X0p1H7QSDOd618N2st9BCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e9c0d624a8e48b289ca152d7e66d3529d2fec0e4fb6276eb3c452d280586204b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750462Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750462Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2006.03637","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KmSZEcKhrbyGE2a1h9JUqnDGHd3tmKV1eoKNXOxhEIpbBneVS9/856us7lyRii0WvjTZtTsVFcUzP69tI2fgAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:23:12.424909Z"},"content_sha256":"dc80517fc1273443245e812a73ba4773d04a13418fef5476ea64c02331473880","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc80517fc1273443245e812a73ba4773d04a13418fef5476ea64c02331473880"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LDP-Fed: Federated Learning with Local Differential Privacy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ka-Ho Chow, Ling Liu, Mehmet Emre Gursoy, Stacey Truex, Wenqi Wei","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents LDP-Fed, a novel federated learning system with a formal privacy guarantee using local differential privacy (LDP). Existing LDP protocols are developed primarily to ensure data privacy in the collection of single numerical or categorical values, such as click count in Web access logs. However, in federated learning model parameter updates are collected iteratively from each participant and consist of high dimensional, continuous values with high precision (10s of digits after the decimal point), making existing LDP protocols inapplicable. To address this challenge in LDP-Fe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2006.03637/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LWZERK8QE2CwWePbFhZ6uV1/cS/0mBRiXQ+0uoH+w2lQeOSFdL6jpW5/1mTXkXgK7qbPykRpSr2oWpjAJYwQDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:23:12.425295Z"},"content_sha256":"88d914c5c6023201d34af47bb8b39bf5472fb21b81c19de7113d0686db525454","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88d914c5c6023201d34af47bb8b39bf5472fb21b81c19de7113d0686db525454"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T16:23:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:5HANMJFI4SFSRHFBKLL6M3JVFH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a45d767e29bc9902cb6beba0bafe33a4034f9e7c418867cd0fcacbdf1b82581b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"c7946e400d718ebd3d180a399f9ca9ccdf0d7cb94434176dc796d960d4e175d1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.03637","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.03637v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.03637","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5HANMJFI4SFS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5HANMJFI4SFSRHFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5HANMJFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:88d914c5c6023201d34af47bb8b39bf5472fb21b81c19de7113d0686db525454","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2006.03637/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents LDP-Fed, a novel federated learning system with a formal privacy guarantee using local differential privacy (LDP). Existing LDP protocols are developed primarily to ensure data privacy in the collection of single numerical or categorical values, such as click count in Web access logs. However, in federated learning model parameter updates are collected iteratively from each participant and consist of high dimensional, continuous values with high precision (10s of digits after the decimal point), making existing LDP protocols inapplicable. To address this challenge in LDP-Fe","authors_text":"Ka-Ho Chow, Ling Liu, Mehmet Emre Gursoy, Stacey Truex, Wenqi Wei","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","title":"LDP-Fed: Federated Learning with Local Differential Privacy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dc80517fc1273443245e812a73ba4773d04a13418fef5476ea64c02331473880","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a45d767e29bc9902cb6beba0bafe33a4034f9e7c418867cd0fcacbdf1b82581b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-06-05T19:15:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"c7946e400d718ebd3d180a399f9ca9ccdf0d7cb94434176dc796d960d4e175d1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.03637","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e9c0d624a8e48b289ca152d7e66d3529d2fec0e4fb6276eb3c452d280586204b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e9c0d624a8e48b289ca152d7e66d3529d2fec0e4fb6276eb3c452d280586204b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750462Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750462Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LMowaI0IQ/ZCzlcW7KJuGrSEWjy+EhFep1RjRyM5wBNhtygctreEhpHYErT1z4q+X0p1H7QSDOd618N2st9BCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:08:31.750984Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2006.03637","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dc80517fc1273443245e812a73ba4773d04a13418fef5476ea64c02331473880","sha256:88d914c5c6023201d34af47bb8b39bf5472fb21b81c19de7113d0686db525454"],"state_sha256":"559398f1e9c84f3d56b0944555a92de9b4c9d980671c7be4f720faf62d0d5be7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+C8HfnfOfvSYk8KcYwgQqL5FlagoUxJO5ihvyj2Ixb7maKZq3IQViL/p59lst7sLgnPWmO+ESrMH9YItii5hAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:23:12.427354Z","bundle_sha256":"c0554a5334d3b8eab935af3ffd5557f1bb954c7268f9d6756ba8f471ffe3feff"}}