{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN","short_pith_number":"pith:5INHT3KO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b84306b953a701b8883e1c54fd79a118c73e375f690a396fc25b5f6acbbec1b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"96d8e9aeddc555c7a8dbbd0dc1bf9e1f612bbaefc313ee08f7f55b6751c63549"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea1a79ed4e8fcc9c7296429acadb34ab632b925aad6233d2a888678b8c43fb0c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1701.03418","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.03418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.03418v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.03418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5INHT3KOR7GJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5INHT3KOR7GJY4UW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5INHT3KO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b84306b953a701b8883e1c54fd79a118c73e375f690a396fc25b5f6acbbec1b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"96d8e9aeddc555c7a8dbbd0dc1bf9e1f612bbaefc313ee08f7f55b6751c63549"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea1a79ed4e8fcc9c7296429acadb34ab632b925aad6233d2a888678b8c43fb0c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403764Z","signature_b64":"hs2bHIl1g0hYfeJQJqxOhjJaqvx0hQyTimURhX2cjAGsmJ6o8POEsMNBmc0yYikSRdsj3f689n6I8VGr8PNLAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ea1a79ed4e8fcc9c7296429acadb34ab632b925aad6233d2a888678b8c43fb0c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403065Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403065Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1701.03418","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NDJ+oWBl2QJRUMk910UGymI7KTuH8qWjndz4VrrXczzXPdzNW90Az5omqRIxOMb3LtB976Fi3mMCEkRoUuqjDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:51:15.271527Z"},"content_sha256":"1e7c75a16bcc61c5119b77df6b66a20d097dd6972d0307116ee2b31b7354e97d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e7c75a16bcc61c5119b77df6b66a20d097dd6972d0307116ee2b31b7354e97d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct Probe of Dark Energy through Gravitational Lensing Effect","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Hong-Jian He, Zhen Zhang","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that gravitational lensing can provide a direct method to probe the nature of dark energy at astrophysical scales. For lensing system as an isolated astrophysical object, we derive the dark energy contribution to gravitational potential as a repulsive power-law term, containing a generic equation of state parameter $w$. We find that it generates $w$-dependent and position-dependent modification to the conventional light orbital equation of $w=-1$. With post-Newtonian approximation, we compute its direct effect for an isolated lensing system at astrophysical scales and find that the dar"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0NhhBBIR1DZOtVZS3z0naXMHGB7ss/Fq3KRyYccVBv5HzkJP4q1lj7a6vMZJRLw30SZXzonHDMtyK8taxL5aDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:51:15.271892Z"},"content_sha256":"a6980736a3b32dfa3c2e9dfd14730897867093ba7ce8beb064ac985ecbd2aef8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6980736a3b32dfa3c2e9dfd14730897867093ba7ce8beb064ac985ecbd2aef8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T12:51:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:5INHT3KOR7GJY4UWIKNMVWZUVN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96d8e9aeddc555c7a8dbbd0dc1bf9e1f612bbaefc313ee08f7f55b6751c63549","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"b84306b953a701b8883e1c54fd79a118c73e375f690a396fc25b5f6acbbec1b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.03418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.03418v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.03418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5INHT3KOR7GJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5INHT3KOR7GJY4UW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5INHT3KO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6980736a3b32dfa3c2e9dfd14730897867093ba7ce8beb064ac985ecbd2aef8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that gravitational lensing can provide a direct method to probe the nature of dark energy at astrophysical scales. For lensing system as an isolated astrophysical object, we derive the dark energy contribution to gravitational potential as a repulsive power-law term, containing a generic equation of state parameter $w$. We find that it generates $w$-dependent and position-dependent modification to the conventional light orbital equation of $w=-1$. With post-Newtonian approximation, we compute its direct effect for an isolated lensing system at astrophysical scales and find that the dar","authors_text":"Hong-Jian He, Zhen Zhang","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","title":"Direct Probe of Dark Energy through Gravitational Lensing Effect"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1e7c75a16bcc61c5119b77df6b66a20d097dd6972d0307116ee2b31b7354e97d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96d8e9aeddc555c7a8dbbd0dc1bf9e1f612bbaefc313ee08f7f55b6751c63549","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2017-01-12T17:20:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"b84306b953a701b8883e1c54fd79a118c73e375f690a396fc25b5f6acbbec1b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.03418","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ea1a79ed4e8fcc9c7296429acadb34ab632b925aad6233d2a888678b8c43fb0c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ea1a79ed4e8fcc9c7296429acadb34ab632b925aad6233d2a888678b8c43fb0c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403065Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403065Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hs2bHIl1g0hYfeJQJqxOhjJaqvx0hQyTimURhX2cjAGsmJ6o8POEsMNBmc0yYikSRdsj3f689n6I8VGr8PNLAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:24.403764Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1701.03418","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1e7c75a16bcc61c5119b77df6b66a20d097dd6972d0307116ee2b31b7354e97d","sha256:a6980736a3b32dfa3c2e9dfd14730897867093ba7ce8beb064ac985ecbd2aef8"],"state_sha256":"60f808ff979396502bca8de17a848831dc10bbebaea317ec35b4b3e605a93047"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X3ITASf16xReT/h7u9kqo1HEGaO2yg5qUDCAwdJrw9r8D6J0yheh9PRMOpYFQ35gCrbHzZQQDunyCtDy/LkOAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:51:15.274040Z","bundle_sha256":"53e377fbb76d272ec68abc716f043f4c74d9e62a87dad4bd2f6e6f20d01c63ae"}}