{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI","short_pith_number":"pith:5KANXQ7S","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52317c42a7cad62fc17a731496eeeeecfc1ef9b0376f6a6b256dc570866bc673","abstract_canon_sha256":"6e3c87573baec635d9a091012594d92dd10f1643ca0517b4aef0847d2ac6d6ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea80dbc3f29e38c4f16134a6d650d102262a535aa5c36b84156779aa672c2157","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9810166","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9810166","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9810166v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9810166","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5KANXQ7STY4M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5KANXQ7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52317c42a7cad62fc17a731496eeeeecfc1ef9b0376f6a6b256dc570866bc673","abstract_canon_sha256":"6e3c87573baec635d9a091012594d92dd10f1643ca0517b4aef0847d2ac6d6ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea80dbc3f29e38c4f16134a6d650d102262a535aa5c36b84156779aa672c2157","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.006295Z","signature_b64":"u1F9ymLlL+BB1jkgWLXi5vm99VbEaCPDN9Y8SUwTBBPpCTDJB0B7/ZpJRzWMSTlAOTtJ3R36lJDTWig5SpLyBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ea80dbc3f29e38c4f16134a6d650d102262a535aa5c36b84156779aa672c2157","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.005765Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.005765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9810166","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p7O/tRq6P1GMNUY6TuThSUbv3TOuRGBxecBt8+JDMXUSt59+wjO3xwNrsT9KYtpB5Sdw2zkZ9CpBt8HAOlz2Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:35:24.502335Z"},"content_sha256":"9e372f739350de9f684a27d27af752057a017e07e39247b2a6abf70fe47fff4b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e372f739350de9f684a27d27af752057a017e07e39247b2a6abf70fe47fff4b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The fine-structure constant: a new observational limit on its cosmological variation and some theoretical consequences","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"A.V. Ivanchik, A.Y. Potekhin, D.A. Varshalovich (Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Institute, St.-Petersburg)","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Endeavours of the unification of the four fundamental interactions have resulted in a development of theories having cosmological solutions in which low-energy limits of fundamental physical constants vary with time. The validity of such theoretical models should be checked by comparison of the theoretical predictions with observational and experimental bounds on possible time-dependences of the fundamental constants. Based on high-resolution measurements of quasar spectra, we obtain the following direct limits on the average rate of the cosmological time variation of the fine-structure consta"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4j0tz99X1to5YrnmL2rlAGmlKail9OXapT/BCun7vbfj0JLYm8wtdsbAj/CZfz9UW/YhqvL39LTkSyuegmUYAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:35:24.502680Z"},"content_sha256":"7266810fe78b977dbfbffb755079ea333e5796ac1df23201a8b9306974d18c52","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7266810fe78b977dbfbffb755079ea333e5796ac1df23201a8b9306974d18c52"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T11:35:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LBGSTNMUGRAI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6e3c87573baec635d9a091012594d92dd10f1643ca0517b4aef0847d2ac6d6ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"52317c42a7cad62fc17a731496eeeeecfc1ef9b0376f6a6b256dc570866bc673"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9810166","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9810166v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9810166","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5KANXQ7STY4M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5KANXQ7STY4MJ4LB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5KANXQ7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7266810fe78b977dbfbffb755079ea333e5796ac1df23201a8b9306974d18c52","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Endeavours of the unification of the four fundamental interactions have resulted in a development of theories having cosmological solutions in which low-energy limits of fundamental physical constants vary with time. The validity of such theoretical models should be checked by comparison of the theoretical predictions with observational and experimental bounds on possible time-dependences of the fundamental constants. Based on high-resolution measurements of quasar spectra, we obtain the following direct limits on the average rate of the cosmological time variation of the fine-structure consta","authors_text":"A.V. Ivanchik, A.Y. Potekhin, D.A. Varshalovich (Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Institute, St.-Petersburg)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","title":"The fine-structure constant: a new observational limit on its cosmological variation and some theoretical consequences"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9e372f739350de9f684a27d27af752057a017e07e39247b2a6abf70fe47fff4b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6e3c87573baec635d9a091012594d92dd10f1643ca0517b4aef0847d2ac6d6ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-10-10T12:45:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"52317c42a7cad62fc17a731496eeeeecfc1ef9b0376f6a6b256dc570866bc673"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9810166","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ea80dbc3f29e38c4f16134a6d650d102262a535aa5c36b84156779aa672c2157","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ea80dbc3f29e38c4f16134a6d650d102262a535aa5c36b84156779aa672c2157","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.005765Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.005765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"u1F9ymLlL+BB1jkgWLXi5vm99VbEaCPDN9Y8SUwTBBPpCTDJB0B7/ZpJRzWMSTlAOTtJ3R36lJDTWig5SpLyBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.006295Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9810166","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9e372f739350de9f684a27d27af752057a017e07e39247b2a6abf70fe47fff4b","sha256:7266810fe78b977dbfbffb755079ea333e5796ac1df23201a8b9306974d18c52"],"state_sha256":"fe153688b30147ec78a1a0747599662fcbefe08526fa454899869b7ddacbbf73"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c4sF2sp40xazzRt+dBp8xqE7NewP5jeQCBbq7fZWmK/2CAZbKbex4GiT/9BgooBIvDjZjke2yXUR07shNM2GCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:35:24.504534Z","bundle_sha256":"ae93d44ae270ab7001afbc4bf01da9f533c5090eac04af6146f88a1dbd0e039f"}}