{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ","short_pith_number":"pith:5NL2AYY5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"9c5ea0c96abd87fb7bc868da2931cd4a1a560d3cb5ad0eeee27bb29c3e434fa6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2bd81de99f580edb43a19e224dd73e3faf22321937a5e442a114bae58affea99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eb57a0631d839ef020182377f6bc8216608ddcd4695ceabdde061a7c5ba99461","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/0406272","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0406272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0406272v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0406272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5QOPP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"9c5ea0c96abd87fb7bc868da2931cd4a1a560d3cb5ad0eeee27bb29c3e434fa6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2bd81de99f580edb43a19e224dd73e3faf22321937a5e442a114bae58affea99"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eb57a0631d839ef020182377f6bc8216608ddcd4695ceabdde061a7c5ba99461","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.535354Z","signature_b64":"0hHgtX+kHwTAX3M1uwGYv6/ZC8eeVTbGw7W+t19IXsTXS3dhn3aRKJHbGPoLxroKjx5vz0Bwj0DqwFDjiqPfDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eb57a0631d839ef020182377f6bc8216608ddcd4695ceabdde061a7c5ba99461","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.534890Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.534890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/0406272","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0yL1g5V0gRaFy3tRV/f7Qc9v+TK5HgA9LAes7dteXiJRdnjf1SjWTToKkkB4CulNxsBJoUFaFzldBT+6o99tAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:06:51.589109Z"},"content_sha256":"dd298ec4c0cb7f1989675fd66288a54bbb5dadab675863ac2b521f92c0391663","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd298ec4c0cb7f1989675fd66288a54bbb5dadab675863ac2b521f92c0391663"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"3D Georgi-Glashow model and confining strings at zero and finite temperatures","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Berlin), D. Antonov (Humboldt U., M.C. Diamantini (Perugia U. & INFN, Perugia)","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this review, we discuss the confining and finite-temperature properties of the 3D SU(N) Georgi-Glashow model, and of 4D compact QED. At zero temperature, we derive string representations of both theories, thus constructing the SU(N)-version of Polyakov's theory of confining strings. We discuss the geometric properties of confining strings, as well as the appearance of the string theta-term from the field-theoretical one in 4D, and k-string tensions at N larger than 2. In particular, we point out the relevance of negative stiffness for stabilizing confining strings, an effect recently re-dis"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j2/HUvcAy+0BIGmWyJxlDhMvLVvIFv4AX2JvEQfVKQUVXqq4aWowlk/0K1/jfzdlI8H3RogdORDcAVOfhSUIBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:06:51.589481Z"},"content_sha256":"6bd0f898da2afa3c875f3a9de28808c739c00dc0c27687f1aa7f0e6bdc9632b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6bd0f898da2afa3c875f3a9de28808c739c00dc0c27687f1aa7f0e6bdc9632b8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T13:06:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAYEN37NPECCZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2bd81de99f580edb43a19e224dd73e3faf22321937a5e442a114bae58affea99","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c5ea0c96abd87fb7bc868da2931cd4a1a560d3cb5ad0eeee27bb29c3e434fa6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0406272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0406272v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0406272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5QOPP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5QOPPAIAY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5NL2AYY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6bd0f898da2afa3c875f3a9de28808c739c00dc0c27687f1aa7f0e6bdc9632b8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this review, we discuss the confining and finite-temperature properties of the 3D SU(N) Georgi-Glashow model, and of 4D compact QED. At zero temperature, we derive string representations of both theories, thus constructing the SU(N)-version of Polyakov's theory of confining strings. We discuss the geometric properties of confining strings, as well as the appearance of the string theta-term from the field-theoretical one in 4D, and k-string tensions at N larger than 2. In particular, we point out the relevance of negative stiffness for stabilizing confining strings, an effect recently re-dis","authors_text":"Berlin), D. Antonov (Humboldt U., M.C. Diamantini (Perugia U. & INFN, Perugia)","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","title":"3D Georgi-Glashow model and confining strings at zero and finite temperatures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd298ec4c0cb7f1989675fd66288a54bbb5dadab675863ac2b521f92c0391663","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2bd81de99f580edb43a19e224dd73e3faf22321937a5e442a114bae58affea99","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-06-30T12:11:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c5ea0c96abd87fb7bc868da2931cd4a1a560d3cb5ad0eeee27bb29c3e434fa6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/0406272","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"eb57a0631d839ef020182377f6bc8216608ddcd4695ceabdde061a7c5ba99461","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eb57a0631d839ef020182377f6bc8216608ddcd4695ceabdde061a7c5ba99461","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.534890Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.534890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0hHgtX+kHwTAX3M1uwGYv6/ZC8eeVTbGw7W+t19IXsTXS3dhn3aRKJHbGPoLxroKjx5vz0Bwj0DqwFDjiqPfDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:05.535354Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/0406272","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd298ec4c0cb7f1989675fd66288a54bbb5dadab675863ac2b521f92c0391663","sha256:6bd0f898da2afa3c875f3a9de28808c739c00dc0c27687f1aa7f0e6bdc9632b8"],"state_sha256":"59394d313635179ba659e6624efd182c254dc19079347625cff52cfee398f2be"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qvStqRytFc3wKFIwc0m5By6kLiZmAyf0EMNcW8aer43vjwvjo6PzogXAA5Xi97m0cYRPWa9Ni5JztX99jFmhBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:06:51.591495Z","bundle_sha256":"485dc5aed7c149c4aa95697fe2ec481c1d9cc73b429088a8f43dc646612f277a"}}