{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM","short_pith_number":"pith:5O4MG6LV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c69a50411ecee3dd1b974f0c944fbd0a86f1cbe08ed2c1c51827f4a76fee0db","abstract_canon_sha256":"9759de26b900079f00abb729d979f4403b5352a42a342697a96ab6c035ad781b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebb8c379754a51e7dcf2220a8b14080b2f76efd7c5606037ea250816dc68fb27","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9612206","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612206","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612206v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9612206","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5O4MG6LVJJI6","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHS","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5O4MG6LV","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c69a50411ecee3dd1b974f0c944fbd0a86f1cbe08ed2c1c51827f4a76fee0db","abstract_canon_sha256":"9759de26b900079f00abb729d979f4403b5352a42a342697a96ab6c035ad781b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebb8c379754a51e7dcf2220a8b14080b2f76efd7c5606037ea250816dc68fb27","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770560Z","signature_b64":"HddIo0DX7I921L2nRZ9lhrqMFL2Hupqno0TdP2nuyfj1bYGkKvfWqpHRfhRCzTYYFEdn68AtgQsk9Xn1kcBIDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ebb8c379754a51e7dcf2220a8b14080b2f76efd7c5606037ea250816dc68fb27","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770104Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770104Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9612206","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KskFT5f19U3ZfU3/pmWoPFGZRgRT4mURaui2/AGsUdOW5a/vF0MJST5sSwMueos0CEajzjllF+YT46SHimCGBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T14:04:03.264246Z"},"content_sha256":"85976570ede959680577a2d890461b0b8f57e04bdd9280583063ccf98a6ac491","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85976570ede959680577a2d890461b0b8f57e04bdd9280583063ccf98a6ac491"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optical Substructures in 48 Galaxy Clusters","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"D. Fadda, E. Escalera, F. Mardirossian, G. Giuricin, M. Girardi, M. Mezzetti (Dip. Astron. Universita' di Trieste - SISSA -Italy)","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the presence of substructures in a set of 48 galaxy clusters, by using galaxy positions and redshifts. We use a multi-scale analysis which couples kinematical estimators with the wavelet transform. 14% of our clusters are strongly substructured (i.e. they are bimodal or complex) and 24% of the remaining unimodal clusters contain substructures at small scales. Thus, in substantial agreement with previous studies, about one third of clusters show substructures. In unimodal clusters the presence of substructures does not affect the estimates of both virial masses and velocity dispersio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9612206/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D2Pm2vCtiFIDD0iku0A5+GNne+TlDXBjCfgM3PeeolMoznmp7YYvW1I7xH/ZUiFEb3CUDXuPxdxym+0zbHwvDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T14:04:03.265206Z"},"content_sha256":"97c08093d4eaa313f70b44d1518d64a0de775eb2f6477945aaa90b0fc09ba220","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:97c08093d4eaa313f70b44d1518d64a0de775eb2f6477945aaa90b0fc09ba220"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T14:04:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHSEIFIWFAIBM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9759de26b900079f00abb729d979f4403b5352a42a342697a96ab6c035ad781b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c69a50411ecee3dd1b974f0c944fbd0a86f1cbe08ed2c1c51827f4a76fee0db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612206","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612206v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9612206","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5O4MG6LVJJI6","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5O4MG6LVJJI6PXHS","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5O4MG6LV","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:97c08093d4eaa313f70b44d1518d64a0de775eb2f6477945aaa90b0fc09ba220","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9612206/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the presence of substructures in a set of 48 galaxy clusters, by using galaxy positions and redshifts. We use a multi-scale analysis which couples kinematical estimators with the wavelet transform. 14% of our clusters are strongly substructured (i.e. they are bimodal or complex) and 24% of the remaining unimodal clusters contain substructures at small scales. Thus, in substantial agreement with previous studies, about one third of clusters show substructures. In unimodal clusters the presence of substructures does not affect the estimates of both virial masses and velocity dispersio","authors_text":"D. Fadda, E. Escalera, F. Mardirossian, G. Giuricin, M. Girardi, M. Mezzetti (Dip. Astron. Universita' di Trieste - SISSA -Italy)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","title":"Optical Substructures in 48 Galaxy Clusters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:85976570ede959680577a2d890461b0b8f57e04bdd9280583063ccf98a6ac491","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9759de26b900079f00abb729d979f4403b5352a42a342697a96ab6c035ad781b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-20T15:52:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c69a50411ecee3dd1b974f0c944fbd0a86f1cbe08ed2c1c51827f4a76fee0db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612206","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ebb8c379754a51e7dcf2220a8b14080b2f76efd7c5606037ea250816dc68fb27","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ebb8c379754a51e7dcf2220a8b14080b2f76efd7c5606037ea250816dc68fb27","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770104Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770104Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HddIo0DX7I921L2nRZ9lhrqMFL2Hupqno0TdP2nuyfj1bYGkKvfWqpHRfhRCzTYYFEdn68AtgQsk9Xn1kcBIDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:15:00.770560Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9612206","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:85976570ede959680577a2d890461b0b8f57e04bdd9280583063ccf98a6ac491","sha256:97c08093d4eaa313f70b44d1518d64a0de775eb2f6477945aaa90b0fc09ba220"],"state_sha256":"5dc03684bc49b9c0c4a13dcfb11c2b10782572922b4bbe28b3ce6ef722a84311"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EvUxrlwmWVQGb2bhPl5LNJ9rQlQLvZ6E4M94WW/CkGS2LvnacCTdt+z+AhxxBRcPCY1GBjiIFlWaU2TJRK2CAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T14:04:03.273821Z","bundle_sha256":"2126bd0907cb6b71b515edcad102429bb081c99d73054c7a874cab3d24b1ede6"}}