{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5OLSF3W337V2XTLPMGO2OEO3GC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0feafe872afdeee9f83892f96d35ef55ae4c2922d61a5415d4dd3256513d3976","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-04T22:48:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"1bcaf19d39d1527ba333bf151258a75e220f9349339f56d1f626364b039b7f95"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.04179","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.04179","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.04179v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.04179","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5OLSF3W337V2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5OLSF3W337V2XTLP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5OLSF3W3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5afdb4ca7352d42d1306bd89abe2349b5a47421a5ee406a23df65f4b4844319a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.04179/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Textual backdoor attacks present a substantial security risk to Large Language Models (LLM). It embeds carefully chosen triggers into a victim model at the training stage, and makes the model erroneously predict inputs containing the same triggers as a certain class. Prior backdoor defense methods primarily target special token-based triggers, leaving syntax-based triggers insufficiently addressed. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel online defense algorithm that effectively counters syntax-based as well as special token-based backdoor attacks. The algorithm replaces semantically mea","authors_text":"Minhao Cheng, Xianwen He, Xinglin Li, Yao Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-04T22:48:57Z","title":"Defense Against Syntactic Textual Backdoor Attacks with Token Substitution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.04179","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f2faeda729889e3b5a0d6a11c3178f8a0547a183558365f189419d50bb1cc950","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0feafe872afdeee9f83892f96d35ef55ae4c2922d61a5415d4dd3256513d3976","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-07-04T22:48:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"1bcaf19d39d1527ba333bf151258a75e220f9349339f56d1f626364b039b7f95"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.04179","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"eb9722eedbdfebabcd6f619da711db309e28a0bfee9aafac670d31634e68513e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eb9722eedbdfebabcd6f619da711db309e28a0bfee9aafac670d31634e68513e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30.100250Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30.100250Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oO5CfyIOPGk2cSx0GMN44IrP+C1XCGpDV9z51UZ9w0qvYL8kFVFlpy+TAMwbVEiY19J1ggFYZVU0/tDl6JthCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:30.100732Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.04179","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f2faeda729889e3b5a0d6a11c3178f8a0547a183558365f189419d50bb1cc950","sha256:5afdb4ca7352d42d1306bd89abe2349b5a47421a5ee406a23df65f4b4844319a"],"state_sha256":"3d13a06141af47ea2eadf93209e38127ed5dfec2a908f8678e89dd17f75efd24"}