{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD","short_pith_number":"pith:5P7QJ4RZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"66b104fa3bfd02f023d4dd7458ac05185a004f5cf883c33045461c2708569c55","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c379b7c07216a78599c14ea6f25d7e755e6e657a90a793d1148f08a7ac0a252"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebff04f239c552e0f92b668d791f93a0f54c32a82785da95c1b79b32d0bc9e05","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.18623","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.18623","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.18623v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.18623","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZYVJO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JL","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"66b104fa3bfd02f023d4dd7458ac05185a004f5cf883c33045461c2708569c55","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c379b7c07216a78599c14ea6f25d7e755e6e657a90a793d1148f08a7ac0a252"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebff04f239c552e0f92b668d791f93a0f54c32a82785da95c1b79b32d0bc9e05","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.964398Z","signature_b64":"cU2sO8UJaTJtYF8WfHce6zqP/dF91/45Cp+e234dQJNBENfv0U7ZxFLDAqt2P095Gsh7hayrokkcrKKGki7uDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ebff04f239c552e0f92b668d791f93a0f54c32a82785da95c1b79b32d0bc9e05","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.963934Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.963934Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.18623","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R66nJ6piaBP9fxeds7XCjGM9V9okeHBoETuZMeDXiQKWa0K9GST6V+zmDmZXc+zs7WiKgFMgtyMQZD5GU8FbDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T02:40:40.169463Z"},"content_sha256":"2c7c3271039012344ba8cc6ee895da6d4b5e52c2a5c1b595b4bafea9c6cd24fb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2c7c3271039012344ba8cc6ee895da6d4b5e52c2a5c1b595b4bafea9c6cd24fb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Privacy-Preserving Properties of Spiking Neural Networks with Unique Surrogate Gradients and Quantization Levels","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ayana Moshruba, Hamed Poursiami, Maryam Parsa, Shay Snyder","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"As machine learning models increasingly process sensitive data, understanding their vulnerability to privacy attacks is vital. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) exploit model responses to infer whether specific data points were used during training, posing a significant privacy risk. Prior research suggests that spiking neural networks (SNNs), which rely on event-driven computation and discrete spike-based encoding, exhibit greater resilience to MIAs than artificial neural networks (ANNs). This resilience stems from their non-differentiable activations and inherent stochasticity, which obscu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.18623/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nEYRsKd2oACwQWoNoVLUWrzKZ8sbgNKtW8GVj+Fr/ttz7p7N+Qq1GdmZjlJTpiSFZq+A3iq9+IMLF/mnZvSEAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T02:40:40.170067Z"},"content_sha256":"e96f63ff726e25479cc0fc3886e5e751578839349f2e35c34411ea8f0d7d2438","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e96f63ff726e25479cc0fc3886e5e751578839349f2e35c34411ea8f0d7d2438"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T02:40:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JLM2GXSH4TUD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c379b7c07216a78599c14ea6f25d7e755e6e657a90a793d1148f08a7ac0a252","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"66b104fa3bfd02f023d4dd7458ac05185a004f5cf883c33045461c2708569c55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.18623","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.18623v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.18623","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZYVJO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZYVJOB6JL","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5P7QJ4RZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e96f63ff726e25479cc0fc3886e5e751578839349f2e35c34411ea8f0d7d2438","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.18623/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As machine learning models increasingly process sensitive data, understanding their vulnerability to privacy attacks is vital. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) exploit model responses to infer whether specific data points were used during training, posing a significant privacy risk. Prior research suggests that spiking neural networks (SNNs), which rely on event-driven computation and discrete spike-based encoding, exhibit greater resilience to MIAs than artificial neural networks (ANNs). This resilience stems from their non-differentiable activations and inherent stochasticity, which obscu","authors_text":"Ayana Moshruba, Hamed Poursiami, Maryam Parsa, Shay Snyder","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","title":"On the Privacy-Preserving Properties of Spiking Neural Networks with Unique Surrogate Gradients and Quantization Levels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2c7c3271039012344ba8cc6ee895da6d4b5e52c2a5c1b595b4bafea9c6cd24fb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c379b7c07216a78599c14ea6f25d7e755e6e657a90a793d1148f08a7ac0a252","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T20:14:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"66b104fa3bfd02f023d4dd7458ac05185a004f5cf883c33045461c2708569c55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.18623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ebff04f239c552e0f92b668d791f93a0f54c32a82785da95c1b79b32d0bc9e05","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ebff04f239c552e0f92b668d791f93a0f54c32a82785da95c1b79b32d0bc9e05","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.963934Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.963934Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cU2sO8UJaTJtYF8WfHce6zqP/dF91/45Cp+e234dQJNBENfv0U7ZxFLDAqt2P095Gsh7hayrokkcrKKGki7uDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:00.964398Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.18623","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2c7c3271039012344ba8cc6ee895da6d4b5e52c2a5c1b595b4bafea9c6cd24fb","sha256:e96f63ff726e25479cc0fc3886e5e751578839349f2e35c34411ea8f0d7d2438"],"state_sha256":"8b17457443bc155f66f3cdbecf419aa41206b22f9effd35eb02d7e9e1c213e0b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BgdVB4fTby2p4CeNmloSOp1N3u2bgUgqGGUmIrDqHQ6Nmu20EgPvFlUjhE0hSLBNucCGs/mZr0PnOEHlkJA/CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T02:40:40.174967Z","bundle_sha256":"d79ed8f890f3a925c005d2fefe1a483ebdb08cce6aa5551a3c0912e011a9ae65"}}