{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP","short_pith_number":"pith:5PDRB5S4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"24602de42cf8b5235dc9d3ad7ceb28e8582bba82df77880919dcab9c417b4674","abstract_canon_sha256":"cedfc37a8d743dff4f87d74b0df919e87a85f6df1d4f2499052785c252af24c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebc710f65c24c19b8e3d6713d45b6ba3dbe86f26466db085e56da8be70a87826","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1912.09623","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.09623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.09623v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.09623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4ETAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"24602de42cf8b5235dc9d3ad7ceb28e8582bba82df77880919dcab9c417b4674","abstract_canon_sha256":"cedfc37a8d743dff4f87d74b0df919e87a85f6df1d4f2499052785c252af24c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebc710f65c24c19b8e3d6713d45b6ba3dbe86f26466db085e56da8be70a87826","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651888Z","signature_b64":"7FA86DraGpP49547Vclrbl4sYsVdaW9bmlgD/Cd7qIGdGUX3oJ1qGi5oBXCTpwW/qWBR4KeuuGlVfEeh+k19Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ebc710f65c24c19b8e3d6713d45b6ba3dbe86f26466db085e56da8be70a87826","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651461Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651461Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1912.09623","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Slhlnz29LF13djFALTaQyc4q1r3X1RW5zHL1V2LWuxcFURRkyY/mTmaKEMPX9nlz0/slnrrZ4GQs1BlPBHwyCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T16:52:02.218994Z"},"content_sha256":"0e5880761fb8368f41041a4968cecf16618f8ef55d2a2eb59f310edc11b3d69d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0e5880761fb8368f41041a4968cecf16618f8ef55d2a2eb59f310edc11b3d69d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Heterogeneity-aware and communication-efficient distributed statistical inference","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Rui Duan, Yang Ning, Yong Chen","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"In multicenter research, individual-level data are often protected against sharing across sites. To overcome the barrier of data sharing, many distributed algorithms, which only require sharing aggregated information, have been developed. The existing distributed algorithms usually assume the data are homogeneously distributed across sites. This assumption ignores the important fact that the data collected at different sites may come from various sub-populations and environments, which can lead to heterogeneity in the distribution of the data. Ignoring the heterogeneity may lead to erroneous s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1912.09623/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vfTmDOcWxcmmphk6EuGszJikCJ4FGyM3uQuAHuWxyd7WO/7rGoNYXfoE65M4/4BYjd5zjrU+n9YWXiNs8OZ3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T16:52:02.219353Z"},"content_sha256":"282a03a61ae53d51695b152bfa7dab620b4c28451394d0f232e585074c1f0a08","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:282a03a61ae53d51695b152bfa7dab620b4c28451394d0f232e585074c1f0a08"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T16:52:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5M4J5IW3LUP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cedfc37a8d743dff4f87d74b0df919e87a85f6df1d4f2499052785c252af24c4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"24602de42cf8b5235dc9d3ad7ceb28e8582bba82df77880919dcab9c417b4674"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.09623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.09623v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.09623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4ETAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4ETAZXDR5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PDRB5S4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:282a03a61ae53d51695b152bfa7dab620b4c28451394d0f232e585074c1f0a08","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1912.09623/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In multicenter research, individual-level data are often protected against sharing across sites. To overcome the barrier of data sharing, many distributed algorithms, which only require sharing aggregated information, have been developed. The existing distributed algorithms usually assume the data are homogeneously distributed across sites. This assumption ignores the important fact that the data collected at different sites may come from various sub-populations and environments, which can lead to heterogeneity in the distribution of the data. Ignoring the heterogeneity may lead to erroneous s","authors_text":"Rui Duan, Yang Ning, Yong Chen","cross_cats":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","title":"Heterogeneity-aware and communication-efficient distributed statistical inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0e5880761fb8368f41041a4968cecf16618f8ef55d2a2eb59f310edc11b3d69d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cedfc37a8d743dff4f87d74b0df919e87a85f6df1d4f2499052785c252af24c4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T03:14:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"24602de42cf8b5235dc9d3ad7ceb28e8582bba82df77880919dcab9c417b4674"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1912.09623","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ebc710f65c24c19b8e3d6713d45b6ba3dbe86f26466db085e56da8be70a87826","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ebc710f65c24c19b8e3d6713d45b6ba3dbe86f26466db085e56da8be70a87826","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651461Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651461Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7FA86DraGpP49547Vclrbl4sYsVdaW9bmlgD/Cd7qIGdGUX3oJ1qGi5oBXCTpwW/qWBR4KeuuGlVfEeh+k19Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:25:49.651888Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1912.09623","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0e5880761fb8368f41041a4968cecf16618f8ef55d2a2eb59f310edc11b3d69d","sha256:282a03a61ae53d51695b152bfa7dab620b4c28451394d0f232e585074c1f0a08"],"state_sha256":"63ceeb364b9625e615568d5d00aa8c7f60f345be20af94718a7faf609d61fc1c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PNT7sJxdvKpM3JGkBquHjx+ki5eAqAIeuHzeoJYuwkmYCUYEysyAVivZJCkp6/xiTGm3bhs/FZO0xu/dO4d8CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T16:52:02.223371Z","bundle_sha256":"e5fd9ce6fe6bc233cd40835554a897c9d189d7dbf3f9b244a6226866319d0066"}}