{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P","short_pith_number":"pith:5PVIT6KB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0ebf2a089446be8b39f523ec165739018aa69591b5ebd25b684c3ea5f047d8b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"81d0d8d4af65232c18105e60f8da6389257bd1b6523348c2912e3d90dda52b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebea89f9415e96817ec9c7e7475190d3f0872633bb79d4952c7549a6f777b6a2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.09077","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.09077","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.09077v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.09077","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PVIT6KBL2LI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PVIT6KB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0ebf2a089446be8b39f523ec165739018aa69591b5ebd25b684c3ea5f047d8b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"81d0d8d4af65232c18105e60f8da6389257bd1b6523348c2912e3d90dda52b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebea89f9415e96817ec9c7e7475190d3f0872633bb79d4952c7549a6f777b6a2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.163049Z","signature_b64":"qp3ET39efh4KNtaelyPDOPVsXjX9iXMUpoXhfm7IB3Hnr9Ky9mSPJ4jxcs5J5FkJpIN2ZHE/OkCoW3y14DzUAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ebea89f9415e96817ec9c7e7475190d3f0872633bb79d4952c7549a6f777b6a2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.162226Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.162226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.09077","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fb06Esm+chmHeRQAc/Csmbz6RYagDhL9PEhRI03UWYcjG4xrRUBKNLP2m6kY8RHedIsN+9CnlU3LL46FwtB8Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T02:33:54.254225Z"},"content_sha256":"9924e7cfd25aca0407f3b9e51154191cbe4d08f419b98c7f43987c2a691786c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9924e7cfd25aca0407f3b9e51154191cbe4d08f419b98c7f43987c2a691786c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Magnetar heating","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Andrei M. Beloborodov, Xinyu Li (Columbia University)","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine four candidate mechanisms that could explain the high surface temperatures of magnetars. (1) Heat flux from the liquid core heated by ambipolar diffusion. It could sustain the observed surface luminosity $L_s\\approx 10^{35}$ erg/s if core heating offsets neutrino cooling at a temperature $T_{core}>6\\times 10^8$ K. This scenario is viable if the core magnetic field exceeds $10^{16}$ G and the heat-blanketing envelope of the magnetar has a light element composition. We find however that the lifetime of such a hot core should be shorter than the typical observed lifetime of magnetars. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jg91Rt3oDDGavspW95scxvFwYTxBIk/ftf0Yq3HGLgFyi7+ubKJiv4BHzi/y5bEsmXMAGmdxfhPx4iuTbI3CAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T02:33:54.254598Z"},"content_sha256":"e4f61f48deb84389994a74cb7462ffd0abc1028c919201a37428ca1010a6adb0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e4f61f48deb84389994a74cb7462ffd0abc1028c919201a37428ca1010a6adb0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T02:33:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJY7TUOUMQ2P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81d0d8d4af65232c18105e60f8da6389257bd1b6523348c2912e3d90dda52b01","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ebf2a089446be8b39f523ec165739018aa69591b5ebd25b684c3ea5f047d8b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.09077","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.09077v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.09077","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PVIT6KBL2LI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PVIT6KBL2LIC7WJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PVIT6KB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e4f61f48deb84389994a74cb7462ffd0abc1028c919201a37428ca1010a6adb0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We examine four candidate mechanisms that could explain the high surface temperatures of magnetars. (1) Heat flux from the liquid core heated by ambipolar diffusion. It could sustain the observed surface luminosity $L_s\\approx 10^{35}$ erg/s if core heating offsets neutrino cooling at a temperature $T_{core}>6\\times 10^8$ K. This scenario is viable if the core magnetic field exceeds $10^{16}$ G and the heat-blanketing envelope of the magnetar has a light element composition. We find however that the lifetime of such a hot core should be shorter than the typical observed lifetime of magnetars. ","authors_text":"Andrei M. Beloborodov, Xinyu Li (Columbia University)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","title":"Magnetar heating"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9924e7cfd25aca0407f3b9e51154191cbe4d08f419b98c7f43987c2a691786c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81d0d8d4af65232c18105e60f8da6389257bd1b6523348c2912e3d90dda52b01","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-05-29T23:59:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ebf2a089446be8b39f523ec165739018aa69591b5ebd25b684c3ea5f047d8b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.09077","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ebea89f9415e96817ec9c7e7475190d3f0872633bb79d4952c7549a6f777b6a2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ebea89f9415e96817ec9c7e7475190d3f0872633bb79d4952c7549a6f777b6a2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.162226Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.162226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qp3ET39efh4KNtaelyPDOPVsXjX9iXMUpoXhfm7IB3Hnr9Ky9mSPJ4jxcs5J5FkJpIN2ZHE/OkCoW3y14DzUAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:03.163049Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.09077","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9924e7cfd25aca0407f3b9e51154191cbe4d08f419b98c7f43987c2a691786c8","sha256:e4f61f48deb84389994a74cb7462ffd0abc1028c919201a37428ca1010a6adb0"],"state_sha256":"a54e67a742280774cd25cad3a931fed83f236dccc257ae272d4cdbb1273afafd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vb1FNJNmLx39R19JvYLs4FDVdwLPED3cQehHCx/MzDGUDiqmC+CThW0dEV9C8KJ1x0ZII53JX64X7VOhRYfRCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T02:33:54.256586Z","bundle_sha256":"117f1921eb2c32fc5cd4bc40db69a9804a23a28e3cf70f33f396b110fff920f3"}}