{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5","short_pith_number":"pith:5QU6MLD2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"8fe2a44eb60d87ec621e961f25707474907fd4fa78ddca05d0606c12fc86f9ce","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6414e0751fed92c5606732dfe2bba1cf57757ad156601bf58d4d06650fa1c63"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ec29e62c7a14da27fe1f04ad2fd4157f5f09cb5fc924d43abcf8dc8fc802aedc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.06933","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.06933","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.06933v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.06933","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2CTNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"8fe2a44eb60d87ec621e961f25707474907fd4fa78ddca05d0606c12fc86f9ce","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6414e0751fed92c5606732dfe2bba1cf57757ad156601bf58d4d06650fa1c63"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ec29e62c7a14da27fe1f04ad2fd4157f5f09cb5fc924d43abcf8dc8fc802aedc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096489Z","signature_b64":"jbwVUoFc5kLYF1XY7k8/Z+CofyCS0xYIotam3DZ7WYCGVZNJbEC8xoIV8R7zf7G9NTWFMmxkTNQ6AqzPOvzCAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ec29e62c7a14da27fe1f04ad2fd4157f5f09cb5fc924d43abcf8dc8fc802aedc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096003Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096003Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2111.06933","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V1r3Z60Zo7G9jtExnHQjfcpPAAGDGauKZkSFT48n75FNnWCaTAFyAgGbmyAzJDFpZQ2U6llKRzoGPS0zmBqMBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:57:36.541649Z"},"content_sha256":"cedabc0f207422f392246903e906985f143d40c61bd556bd296b189c7cb7c6a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cedabc0f207422f392246903e906985f143d40c61bd556bd296b189c7cb7c6a1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nanometer-scale lateral p-n junctions in graphene/$\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ heterostructures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Abhay N. Pasupathy, Alexander S. McLeod, Angel Rubio, Bjarke S. Jessen, Carmen Rubio-Verd\\'u, Cory R. Dean, Daniel J. Rizzo, David G. Mandrus, D.N. Basov, Francesco L. Ruta, James C. Hone, Jiaqiang Yan, Jin Zhang, Matthew Cothrine, Sara Shabani, Stephen E. Nagler","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"The ability to create high-quality lateral p-n junctions at nanometer length scales is essential for the next generation of two-dimensional (2D) electronic and plasmonic devices. Using a charge-transfer heterostructure consisting of graphene on $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, we conduct a proof-of-concept study demonstrating the existence of intrinsic nanoscale lateral p-n junctions in the vicinity of graphene nanobubbles. Our multi-pronged experimental approach incorporates scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy ($\\textit{s}$-S"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.06933/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Pj3oziccZgBYI6xiaa05PXdL9qyeOwG63/VlUFatg6VLn+qhsC1DNzHbVBnvN4mOufvA9H2uuznPowzbLOxWAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:57:36.542226Z"},"content_sha256":"c6098eac4ff7a521490a0102df1a821ee84b7fb47385a5ba38c16de243c515ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6098eac4ff7a521490a0102df1a821ee84b7fb47385a5ba38c16de243c515ef"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T21:57:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7ASWS7VAVP5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6414e0751fed92c5606732dfe2bba1cf57757ad156601bf58d4d06650fa1c63","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"8fe2a44eb60d87ec621e961f25707474907fd4fa78ddca05d0606c12fc86f9ce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.06933","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.06933v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.06933","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2CTNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2CTNCP7Q7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5QU6MLD2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c6098eac4ff7a521490a0102df1a821ee84b7fb47385a5ba38c16de243c515ef","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.06933/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The ability to create high-quality lateral p-n junctions at nanometer length scales is essential for the next generation of two-dimensional (2D) electronic and plasmonic devices. Using a charge-transfer heterostructure consisting of graphene on $\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, we conduct a proof-of-concept study demonstrating the existence of intrinsic nanoscale lateral p-n junctions in the vicinity of graphene nanobubbles. Our multi-pronged experimental approach incorporates scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy ($\\textit{s}$-S","authors_text":"Abhay N. Pasupathy, Alexander S. McLeod, Angel Rubio, Bjarke S. Jessen, Carmen Rubio-Verd\\'u, Cory R. Dean, Daniel J. Rizzo, David G. Mandrus, D.N. Basov, Francesco L. Ruta, James C. Hone, Jiaqiang Yan, Jin Zhang, Matthew Cothrine, Sara Shabani, Stephen E. Nagler","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","title":"Nanometer-scale lateral p-n junctions in graphene/$\\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ heterostructures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cedabc0f207422f392246903e906985f143d40c61bd556bd296b189c7cb7c6a1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6414e0751fed92c5606732dfe2bba1cf57757ad156601bf58d4d06650fa1c63","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T20:36:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"8fe2a44eb60d87ec621e961f25707474907fd4fa78ddca05d0606c12fc86f9ce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.06933","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ec29e62c7a14da27fe1f04ad2fd4157f5f09cb5fc924d43abcf8dc8fc802aedc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ec29e62c7a14da27fe1f04ad2fd4157f5f09cb5fc924d43abcf8dc8fc802aedc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096003Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096003Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jbwVUoFc5kLYF1XY7k8/Z+CofyCS0xYIotam3DZ7WYCGVZNJbEC8xoIV8R7zf7G9NTWFMmxkTNQ6AqzPOvzCAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:38.096489Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.06933","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cedabc0f207422f392246903e906985f143d40c61bd556bd296b189c7cb7c6a1","sha256:c6098eac4ff7a521490a0102df1a821ee84b7fb47385a5ba38c16de243c515ef"],"state_sha256":"621ed347ace716a35c5604353ed7182ae85967b20f1a3f5b7709b94c8bfd61ff"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YUpws9sulEnctnNI//D+0gT366VL5kHgxAUSi+J1sXKnk6deYrHk83awxbLY7BPZNIeGU6kk0qvv+a+5bL9kAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T21:57:36.547406Z","bundle_sha256":"ecd9c9f85a86e5aa62ac6c8e929e5267d70ee2c8c226d11300f2f30c3a597095"}}