{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C","short_pith_number":"pith:5SEUDNE7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d9ab9e4941275cdb9d3b377a559386296a3e736cf23ab9dc63bb162a2a88698","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f01c9c03943483cba01ea26bedbddc9d6788cee129cdf53b11312aef94d5e37"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ec8941b49fe4317615e523d4c0baf7d08c1e99025871da306f74764b7c36af74","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.4603","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.4603","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.4603v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.4603","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5SEUDNE74QYX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5SEUDNE74QYXMFPF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5SEUDNE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d9ab9e4941275cdb9d3b377a559386296a3e736cf23ab9dc63bb162a2a88698","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f01c9c03943483cba01ea26bedbddc9d6788cee129cdf53b11312aef94d5e37"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ec8941b49fe4317615e523d4c0baf7d08c1e99025871da306f74764b7c36af74","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536794Z","signature_b64":"ePmk9z0jyFGUiROJhwq9XsBWuuJftxP/YxT3Eks6lKxVOfxaRNB7rdpsaNzKLV7hSNghEFnsJ1BvBarEhOZ5CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ec8941b49fe4317615e523d4c0baf7d08c1e99025871da306f74764b7c36af74","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536237Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536237Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.4603","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sF62z1fHXVBgYpi/SNaR96FW+T/UgHKnS547YSts7oHidyH239znGGfc+zx95cKcDOuhMjI0qyAmKkaHTZKrDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:22:20.352954Z"},"content_sha256":"fb1add9483a0a04f0269f1ebc57a73e1edc4939be7b2afab37f8f412da8ed793","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb1add9483a0a04f0269f1ebc57a73e1edc4939be7b2afab37f8f412da8ed793"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Midair collisions enhance saltation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Hans J. Herrmann, Marcus V. Carneiro, Nuno A. M. Ara\\'ujo, Thomas P\\\"ahtz","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Here we address the old question in Aeolian particle transport about the role of midair collisions. We find that, surprisingly, these collisions do enhance the overall flux substantially. The effect depends strongly on restitution coefficient and wind speed. We can explain this observation as a consequence of a soft-bed of grains which floats above the ground and reflects the highest flying particles. We make the unexpected observation that the flux is maximized at an intermediate restitution coefficient of about 0.7, which is comparable to values experimentally measured for collisions between"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7PT40C1Oxcd8l5fqeW5Yb1DKDa84TIQVK65dgKBFQgAy8KB6ziywNQLdFR9dDzJV14LzuISYLSrAK8cOO+kQDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:22:20.353304Z"},"content_sha256":"5520486875dbae273885a8d3255b57f3f68ec90c09465517044b37ec3ff5fced","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5520486875dbae273885a8d3255b57f3f68ec90c09465517044b37ec3ff5fced"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T03:22:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:5SEUDNE74QYXMFPFEPKMBOXX2C","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f01c9c03943483cba01ea26bedbddc9d6788cee129cdf53b11312aef94d5e37","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d9ab9e4941275cdb9d3b377a559386296a3e736cf23ab9dc63bb162a2a88698"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.4603","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.4603v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.4603","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5SEUDNE74QYX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5SEUDNE74QYXMFPF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5SEUDNE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5520486875dbae273885a8d3255b57f3f68ec90c09465517044b37ec3ff5fced","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Here we address the old question in Aeolian particle transport about the role of midair collisions. We find that, surprisingly, these collisions do enhance the overall flux substantially. The effect depends strongly on restitution coefficient and wind speed. We can explain this observation as a consequence of a soft-bed of grains which floats above the ground and reflects the highest flying particles. We make the unexpected observation that the flux is maximized at an intermediate restitution coefficient of about 0.7, which is comparable to values experimentally measured for collisions between","authors_text":"Hans J. Herrmann, Marcus V. Carneiro, Nuno A. M. Ara\\'ujo, Thomas P\\\"ahtz","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","title":"Midair collisions enhance saltation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fb1add9483a0a04f0269f1ebc57a73e1edc4939be7b2afab37f8f412da8ed793","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f01c9c03943483cba01ea26bedbddc9d6788cee129cdf53b11312aef94d5e37","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.comp-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2012-12-19T09:09:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d9ab9e4941275cdb9d3b377a559386296a3e736cf23ab9dc63bb162a2a88698"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.4603","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ec8941b49fe4317615e523d4c0baf7d08c1e99025871da306f74764b7c36af74","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ec8941b49fe4317615e523d4c0baf7d08c1e99025871da306f74764b7c36af74","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536237Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536237Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ePmk9z0jyFGUiROJhwq9XsBWuuJftxP/YxT3Eks6lKxVOfxaRNB7rdpsaNzKLV7hSNghEFnsJ1BvBarEhOZ5CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:59.536794Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.4603","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fb1add9483a0a04f0269f1ebc57a73e1edc4939be7b2afab37f8f412da8ed793","sha256:5520486875dbae273885a8d3255b57f3f68ec90c09465517044b37ec3ff5fced"],"state_sha256":"45ac2fbf8864ff622b0db54b3a40d01ffa1de1fec49985f5aa6120566a28335b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qvk5UIdQC+fLrnfjb/393S9qqkdclTOm5Bdc6i658TysecTMslhbV2miQ2zn4vYlQ5MspCiYi8AJjaVdliZ7Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:22:20.355228Z","bundle_sha256":"62d3ec516e2664d3f7d118ee89e6230fd0a7e98ba2478996341aadcbdb0aacab"}}