{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G","short_pith_number":"pith:5TBPDBHL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"63c76136346d8ceee34bd95db5185924be4f0039cb32629ffc1e4ea70e166976","abstract_canon_sha256":"64cd5bf77079c2d181167b93b3562bbeb538b741daf0b25e776f85cc620e9810"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ecc2f184eb4dc26b2ef339db26f3e0f1a8ea76ddcc34dd8fe3aa0be318d8ea1c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.00418","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.00418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.00418v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.00418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5TBPDBHLJXBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5TBPDBHL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"63c76136346d8ceee34bd95db5185924be4f0039cb32629ffc1e4ea70e166976","abstract_canon_sha256":"64cd5bf77079c2d181167b93b3562bbeb538b741daf0b25e776f85cc620e9810"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ecc2f184eb4dc26b2ef339db26f3e0f1a8ea76ddcc34dd8fe3aa0be318d8ea1c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.319365Z","signature_b64":"hV9dLNOuVYHSUajlTXxIUYMZXtBdo0YsgXhpm/n4wSXDBzW+7LLNOwE6CaRJf+n2LuADZa3/Psvs3VuNz1ErBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ecc2f184eb4dc26b2ef339db26f3e0f1a8ea76ddcc34dd8fe3aa0be318d8ea1c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.318927Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.318927Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.00418","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9OURwSxOJFLR9rKAVxpxIVP/0NPrftdS7LjcRDPy4DkUiMmK3y0tMQWkTx0Z+rEQK1ZwN40O0M+xiPRuu+eaDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:23:12.366311Z"},"content_sha256":"9746f8eee6ae7adf38af78bcf9a55eb7339fab680995457a19bbcb71ee8d0ef6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9746f8eee6ae7adf38af78bcf9a55eb7339fab680995457a19bbcb71ee8d0ef6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Chern-Simons Number as a Dynamical Variable","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Sam S.C. Wong, S.-H. Henry Tye","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the standard electroweak theory that describes nature, the Chern-Simons number associated with the vacua as well as the unstable sphaleron solutions play a crucial role in the baryon number violating processes. We recall why the Chern-Simons number should be generalized from a set of discrete values to a dynamical (quantum) variable. Via the construction of an appropriate Hopf invariant and the winding number, we discuss how the geometric information in the gauge fields is also captured in the Higgs field. We then discuss the choice of the Hopf variable in relation to the Chern-Simons varia"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JugjXGW4KMRS6lBlHy3ZFLfumhpLSSQwtLG0aQlYKJAm/7lTKanUTCT/sLr8atWrfK39D9HPSGH3pSfVl+0BCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:23:12.366931Z"},"content_sha256":"2b1c6b6efd2b299563205ba46251ec1c816965b4b6d7afa394750625928bb1aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b1c6b6efd2b299563205ba46251ec1c816965b4b6d7afa394750625928bb1aa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T22:23:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXTHHNSN47A6G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64cd5bf77079c2d181167b93b3562bbeb538b741daf0b25e776f85cc620e9810","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"63c76136346d8ceee34bd95db5185924be4f0039cb32629ffc1e4ea70e166976"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.00418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.00418v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.00418","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5TBPDBHLJXBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5TBPDBHLJXBGWLXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5TBPDBHL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2b1c6b6efd2b299563205ba46251ec1c816965b4b6d7afa394750625928bb1aa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the standard electroweak theory that describes nature, the Chern-Simons number associated with the vacua as well as the unstable sphaleron solutions play a crucial role in the baryon number violating processes. We recall why the Chern-Simons number should be generalized from a set of discrete values to a dynamical (quantum) variable. Via the construction of an appropriate Hopf invariant and the winding number, we discuss how the geometric information in the gauge fields is also captured in the Higgs field. We then discuss the choice of the Hopf variable in relation to the Chern-Simons varia","authors_text":"Sam S.C. Wong, S.-H. Henry Tye","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","title":"The Chern-Simons Number as a Dynamical Variable"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9746f8eee6ae7adf38af78bcf9a55eb7339fab680995457a19bbcb71ee8d0ef6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64cd5bf77079c2d181167b93b3562bbeb538b741daf0b25e776f85cc620e9810","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2016-01-04T09:27:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"63c76136346d8ceee34bd95db5185924be4f0039cb32629ffc1e4ea70e166976"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.00418","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ecc2f184eb4dc26b2ef339db26f3e0f1a8ea76ddcc34dd8fe3aa0be318d8ea1c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ecc2f184eb4dc26b2ef339db26f3e0f1a8ea76ddcc34dd8fe3aa0be318d8ea1c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.318927Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.318927Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hV9dLNOuVYHSUajlTXxIUYMZXtBdo0YsgXhpm/n4wSXDBzW+7LLNOwE6CaRJf+n2LuADZa3/Psvs3VuNz1ErBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:58:04.319365Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.00418","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9746f8eee6ae7adf38af78bcf9a55eb7339fab680995457a19bbcb71ee8d0ef6","sha256:2b1c6b6efd2b299563205ba46251ec1c816965b4b6d7afa394750625928bb1aa"],"state_sha256":"29b3ff55c2499d6312e1d0d53935d3314dbe02e0215ecc2fd0595b27f5cb87db"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T0prPTfEasFClprAf763QcHi+d0jb+v4gkMLUUxHVvoZCzX6+qaVZQjALATVbhAPCTfNLPx4FQqg2L1dbRnnCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T22:23:12.369865Z","bundle_sha256":"16e8005a3882b4b63cb09a203146064495352ade4f9e86a7a7bd2453dcef65a8"}}