{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA","short_pith_number":"pith:5TFNOUD7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"0a6d648c6f3968a7062bf3528bbbfae700927d386f0fdcb15ad7f65909a09b81","abstract_canon_sha256":"1eb07927b9a7188480abc8b6c4428b52f38518ef6eef1697de872178edb759b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eccad7507fbe8390d4cc78b8a2820c90068571cb90104aff2f7ec3a9e5659898","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.20779","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.20779","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.20779v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.20779","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7X2BZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"0a6d648c6f3968a7062bf3528bbbfae700927d386f0fdcb15ad7f65909a09b81","abstract_canon_sha256":"1eb07927b9a7188480abc8b6c4428b52f38518ef6eef1697de872178edb759b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"eccad7507fbe8390d4cc78b8a2820c90068571cb90104aff2f7ec3a9e5659898","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913869Z","signature_b64":"5iYHImt7psutlcmtkQT309/YlU3MehiPHkym2rdwtcPNUc2l75rlmZOOdEnOb3pCMWgM4rtib6HTSo+Y+PymDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"eccad7507fbe8390d4cc78b8a2820c90068571cb90104aff2f7ec3a9e5659898","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913391Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.20779","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g6KOaMKww0K9f/0jBXWRm+PpDv7Xkzy7A2bdWFa7OiCVfYIYQZd52TemoEMNMUizrCIXi6HDY/uXlWAYof47Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T04:49:57.508440Z"},"content_sha256":"89225161a5aa69f70242c594a8123dacab8231b2fbe584162e3957a6064cde63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89225161a5aa69f70242c594a8123dacab8231b2fbe584162e3957a6064cde63"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Triple Phase Transitions: Understanding the Learning Dynamics of Large Language Models from a Neuroscience Perspective","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Keigo Tada, Shinji Nishimoto, Sota Yoshino, Yuko Nakagi, Yu Takagi","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit abrupt emergent behavior, whereby new abilities arise at certain points during their training. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as a ''phase transition'', remains poorly understood. In this study, we conduct an integrative analysis of such phase transitions by examining three interconnected perspectives: the similarity between LLMs and the human brain, the internal states of LLMs, and downstream task performance. We propose a novel interpretation for the learning dynamics of LLMs that vary in both training data and architecture, revealing that th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.20779/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LIJjLfL5rjfgP7UW6wPtse5kD1Zp7VzymAnODBO4NfX9tZlOetZN4h4p2ajzuhY34HLi+rJpyituu1kDdlwHDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T04:49:57.508774Z"},"content_sha256":"fb9154b64bd87926c95b159a805610d702674c383de7f32d1f9ba4ffb698d6fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb9154b64bd87926c95b159a805610d702674c383de7f32d1f9ba4ffb698d6fd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T04:49:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGMPC4KFAQMSA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1eb07927b9a7188480abc8b6c4428b52f38518ef6eef1697de872178edb759b3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0a6d648c6f3968a7062bf3528bbbfae700927d386f0fdcb15ad7f65909a09b81"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.20779","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.20779v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.20779","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7X2BZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7X2BZBVGM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5TFNOUD7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fb9154b64bd87926c95b159a805610d702674c383de7f32d1f9ba4ffb698d6fd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.20779/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit abrupt emergent behavior, whereby new abilities arise at certain points during their training. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as a ''phase transition'', remains poorly understood. In this study, we conduct an integrative analysis of such phase transitions by examining three interconnected perspectives: the similarity between LLMs and the human brain, the internal states of LLMs, and downstream task performance. We propose a novel interpretation for the learning dynamics of LLMs that vary in both training data and architecture, revealing that th","authors_text":"Keigo Tada, Shinji Nishimoto, Sota Yoshino, Yuko Nakagi, Yu Takagi","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","title":"Triple Phase Transitions: Understanding the Learning Dynamics of Large Language Models from a Neuroscience Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:89225161a5aa69f70242c594a8123dacab8231b2fbe584162e3957a6064cde63","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1eb07927b9a7188480abc8b6c4428b52f38518ef6eef1697de872178edb759b3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T06:59:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0a6d648c6f3968a7062bf3528bbbfae700927d386f0fdcb15ad7f65909a09b81"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.20779","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"eccad7507fbe8390d4cc78b8a2820c90068571cb90104aff2f7ec3a9e5659898","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"eccad7507fbe8390d4cc78b8a2820c90068571cb90104aff2f7ec3a9e5659898","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913391Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5iYHImt7psutlcmtkQT309/YlU3MehiPHkym2rdwtcPNUc2l75rlmZOOdEnOb3pCMWgM4rtib6HTSo+Y+PymDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:41:20.913869Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.20779","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:89225161a5aa69f70242c594a8123dacab8231b2fbe584162e3957a6064cde63","sha256:fb9154b64bd87926c95b159a805610d702674c383de7f32d1f9ba4ffb698d6fd"],"state_sha256":"25f753bc29d3a830e571356acf0d43d29500593f703d7062088a89244eb707a9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s09qu8/LUdGuGVaXlAToo1OhieDRIxN6vdlP0vX3dnBj2wkms3k8s46SBRKy/y+7wT5D9qXAhzgtBVPOTpFaAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T04:49:57.511912Z","bundle_sha256":"b18f21362c15bba0dcaf01f766fb530ddbfc67e6796167cacb414a5363056abc"}}