{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ","short_pith_number":"pith:5VVY3G4Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"9893b764370924eee2e399170a6d70e881b2dc94a160898e53049345ab6ec8ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"900c651a12bc9ae1730c9466d2d4512c9e74a94a577f1dedd54c8041087421eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ed6b8d9b984d2cb05e35e74d365303cc312a23ae1d79832a1c1436bd108be499","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.02736","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.02736","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.02736v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.02736","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5VVY3G4YJUWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5VVY3G4Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"9893b764370924eee2e399170a6d70e881b2dc94a160898e53049345ab6ec8ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"900c651a12bc9ae1730c9466d2d4512c9e74a94a577f1dedd54c8041087421eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ed6b8d9b984d2cb05e35e74d365303cc312a23ae1d79832a1c1436bd108be499","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.287440Z","signature_b64":"XIxKhtmLfb48VoXKLBi6CM5GWLkVt3a7jlId20kxVSamv5fswVCDoTQdnIJrHXlVcJoQLF6kr811RByuiEmbBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ed6b8d9b984d2cb05e35e74d365303cc312a23ae1d79832a1c1436bd108be499","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.286967Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.286967Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.02736","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZIEhT0Fo/Nwls4d8f1SKGs0gdhEU8jZ1995eC33QwNpXpqaA00RDO0zT+Z9GpHCzsqP8zakgsW1EO7J1IDk3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:11:19.503032Z"},"content_sha256":"75290917183d43139240c489614d240502035fc1ade8187b2023f59b30298e9e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75290917183d43139240c489614d240502035fc1ade8187b2023f59b30298e9e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Contention-Based Spectrum Sharing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Akash Doshi, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Lorenzo Ferrari, Srinivas Yerramalli, Taesang Yoo","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increasing number of wireless devices operating in unlicensed spectrum motivates the development of intelligent adaptive approaches to spectrum access. We consider decentralized contention-based medium access for base stations (BSs) operating on unlicensed shared spectrum, where each BS autonomously decides whether or not to transmit on a given resource. The contention decision attempts to maximize not its own downlink throughput, but rather a network-wide objective. We formulate this problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process with a novel reward structure that"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.02736/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ovRhVhAcvArLB+VMELaAXAeXpKhQtpZ/HLVqw5nRj/MyHAl6S0Qtk+3nWijHZVGcS3U0z+f/zK+7aM1NqWSADA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:11:19.503539Z"},"content_sha256":"cc4af07c137db9b191590f5c8a0a0ace1e22dee2dfacde03386d4503440c93bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc4af07c137db9b191590f5c8a0a0ace1e22dee2dfacde03386d4503440c93bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T03:11:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV45GTMUYDZQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"900c651a12bc9ae1730c9466d2d4512c9e74a94a577f1dedd54c8041087421eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"9893b764370924eee2e399170a6d70e881b2dc94a160898e53049345ab6ec8ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.02736","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.02736v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.02736","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5VVY3G4YJUWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5VVY3G4YJUWLAXRV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5VVY3G4Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cc4af07c137db9b191590f5c8a0a0ace1e22dee2dfacde03386d4503440c93bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.02736/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The increasing number of wireless devices operating in unlicensed spectrum motivates the development of intelligent adaptive approaches to spectrum access. We consider decentralized contention-based medium access for base stations (BSs) operating on unlicensed shared spectrum, where each BS autonomously decides whether or not to transmit on a given resource. The contention decision attempts to maximize not its own downlink throughput, but rather a network-wide objective. We formulate this problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process with a novel reward structure that","authors_text":"Akash Doshi, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Lorenzo Ferrari, Srinivas Yerramalli, Taesang Yoo","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","title":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Contention-Based Spectrum Sharing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:75290917183d43139240c489614d240502035fc1ade8187b2023f59b30298e9e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"900c651a12bc9ae1730c9466d2d4512c9e74a94a577f1dedd54c8041087421eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2021-10-05T03:00:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"9893b764370924eee2e399170a6d70e881b2dc94a160898e53049345ab6ec8ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.02736","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ed6b8d9b984d2cb05e35e74d365303cc312a23ae1d79832a1c1436bd108be499","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ed6b8d9b984d2cb05e35e74d365303cc312a23ae1d79832a1c1436bd108be499","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.286967Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.286967Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XIxKhtmLfb48VoXKLBi6CM5GWLkVt3a7jlId20kxVSamv5fswVCDoTQdnIJrHXlVcJoQLF6kr811RByuiEmbBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:37.287440Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.02736","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:75290917183d43139240c489614d240502035fc1ade8187b2023f59b30298e9e","sha256:cc4af07c137db9b191590f5c8a0a0ace1e22dee2dfacde03386d4503440c93bf"],"state_sha256":"d32b8b651c0a74cfc24033360a2e9a1fa437977f9721903cf5158e700e5c82d6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tm/0Py2aqshz5V+V/kNQvUkixkd/nY3u0qqDugNjP0bbM5KASMBYWgWqyh9R4GLAytURQK6KIAYZ5QCQIYu0AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:11:19.508924Z","bundle_sha256":"cbcb77e3cdf849796a27081123fe0b5ead416e734301d0ff0c37ae844508c49b"}}