{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42","short_pith_number":"pith:5W3VPLTA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3aa0449d160b708525c57086b64072998dcf9c636c660f30a9981c0979df46a","abstract_canon_sha256":"89967ade487bf81e262077b519a17f130c3d4a815c80b57765dfce56f3e20feb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"edb757ae609b7222f4e17073888593e6a4a83cd0bf136264678d84462ee1eac8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.05139","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.05139","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.05139v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.05139","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5W3VPLTATNZC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5W3VPLTATNZCF5HB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5W3VPLTA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3aa0449d160b708525c57086b64072998dcf9c636c660f30a9981c0979df46a","abstract_canon_sha256":"89967ade487bf81e262077b519a17f130c3d4a815c80b57765dfce56f3e20feb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"edb757ae609b7222f4e17073888593e6a4a83cd0bf136264678d84462ee1eac8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.696020Z","signature_b64":"Cz3pKBBbTtIMYDbZ17yFyZHADQ+nYBneArib/47Kr04N0lhSj7z72evOma96r5Wx4QDmLjR5xp984sZL//hoAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"edb757ae609b7222f4e17073888593e6a4a83cd0bf136264678d84462ee1eac8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.695527Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.695527Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.05139","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kgCRVIPNN3sODYgdfrzeSLJt87qCOi1OLMxhy9tupNnMUaCeVHBk60NbEG3eBmmXrowzCZ2Mf4wR+ATKx+AYBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:41:59.494386Z"},"content_sha256":"f3ae0174f06fcbad68ccd677968b40e55bafd449f3012c817445bbedfab545a5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3ae0174f06fcbad68ccd677968b40e55bafd449f3012c817445bbedfab545a5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Practical Examination of AI-Generated Text Detectors for Large Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Brian Tufts, Lei Li, Xuandong Zhao","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of large language models has raised growing concerns about their misuse, particularly in cases where AI-generated text is falsely attributed to human authors. Machine-generated content detectors claim to effectively identify such text under various conditions and from any language model. This paper critically evaluates these claims by assessing several popular detectors (RADAR, Wild, T5Sentinel, Fast-DetectGPT, PHD, LogRank, Binoculars) on a range of domains, datasets, and models that these detectors have not previously encountered. We employ various prompting strategies to s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.05139/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+kAfvgmbVlT8pvVam1R/BPQ9Rp3VEcpjsjuSOpLpbPb0tLUfCBJpcJKtpT84SjR2c4qDqkMv7syDOSapAcUcCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:41:59.494877Z"},"content_sha256":"4abbbcf3d5101de2be2dfe21666268e51dd45ecb1d0139db3641b46c4bc11298","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4abbbcf3d5101de2be2dfe21666268e51dd45ecb1d0139db3641b46c4bc11298"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T10:41:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5W3VPLTATNZCF5HBOBZYRBMT42","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89967ade487bf81e262077b519a17f130c3d4a815c80b57765dfce56f3e20feb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3aa0449d160b708525c57086b64072998dcf9c636c660f30a9981c0979df46a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.05139","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.05139v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.05139","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5W3VPLTATNZC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5W3VPLTATNZCF5HB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5W3VPLTA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4abbbcf3d5101de2be2dfe21666268e51dd45ecb1d0139db3641b46c4bc11298","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.05139/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of large language models has raised growing concerns about their misuse, particularly in cases where AI-generated text is falsely attributed to human authors. Machine-generated content detectors claim to effectively identify such text under various conditions and from any language model. This paper critically evaluates these claims by assessing several popular detectors (RADAR, Wild, T5Sentinel, Fast-DetectGPT, PHD, LogRank, Binoculars) on a range of domains, datasets, and models that these detectors have not previously encountered. We employ various prompting strategies to s","authors_text":"Brian Tufts, Lei Li, Xuandong Zhao","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","title":"A Practical Examination of AI-Generated Text Detectors for Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f3ae0174f06fcbad68ccd677968b40e55bafd449f3012c817445bbedfab545a5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89967ade487bf81e262077b519a17f130c3d4a815c80b57765dfce56f3e20feb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T15:56:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3aa0449d160b708525c57086b64072998dcf9c636c660f30a9981c0979df46a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.05139","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"edb757ae609b7222f4e17073888593e6a4a83cd0bf136264678d84462ee1eac8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"edb757ae609b7222f4e17073888593e6a4a83cd0bf136264678d84462ee1eac8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.695527Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.695527Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Cz3pKBBbTtIMYDbZ17yFyZHADQ+nYBneArib/47Kr04N0lhSj7z72evOma96r5Wx4QDmLjR5xp984sZL//hoAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:29.696020Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.05139","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f3ae0174f06fcbad68ccd677968b40e55bafd449f3012c817445bbedfab545a5","sha256:4abbbcf3d5101de2be2dfe21666268e51dd45ecb1d0139db3641b46c4bc11298"],"state_sha256":"b9ba4f7954fe73eba9572e80521b0c196a42c1549d865d5792e7b435abcadeba"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cOqIzDycdJBS78oUQ77Q/Rag866z8FqAjgXIpezl1v7vw4eMN6ljYu402I4RSdor+GwdAm2BuSlGtodF2ofyBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T10:41:59.499693Z","bundle_sha256":"124497c14e59f2e3147a1f807923e1d789973e8cf7c645ee9541f42e59f895ad"}}