{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:5WO3V6DDTIIHFDIQX7JWQR6PYD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d45fce42e74005e876fe84fade267f5ef1c01cbe50908caf0b3bb12a00822e94","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-29T20:10:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"920e33c22dab6d749a68d2bf975efd0400f634fa225cef5b68bb689fe9ce88dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.0022","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.0022","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.0022v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.0022","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5WO3V6DDTIIH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5WO3V6DDTIIHFDIQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5WO3V6DD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ccd5804663b4f3fba0c3b284e1c9dfcf32501619468663e64bfc57a1b4d2fb94","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, a coarse-graining method previously proposed by the authors in a companion paper based on solving diffusion equations is applied to CFD-DEM simulations, where coarse graining is used to obtain solid volume fraction, particle phase velocity, and fluid-particle interaction forces. By examining the conservation requirements, the variables to solve diffusion equations for in CFD-DEM simulations are identified. The algorithm is then implemented into a CFD-DEM solver based on OpenFOAM and LAMMPS, the former being a general-purpose, three-dimensional CFD solver based on unstructured mes","authors_text":"Heng Xiao, Rui Sun","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-29T20:10:46Z","title":"Diffusion-Based Coarse Graining in Hybrid Continuum-Discrete Solvers: Applications in CFD-DEM"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.0022","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1b8bcc0237ff88f113ded0f97abd935f0b0aff78179ea19a256dd25db1a5e80d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d45fce42e74005e876fe84fade267f5ef1c01cbe50908caf0b3bb12a00822e94","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-29T20:10:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"920e33c22dab6d749a68d2bf975efd0400f634fa225cef5b68bb689fe9ce88dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.0022","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ed9dbaf8639a10728d10bfd36847cfc0dc587bc6126f68fd4b218d0e6f94a565","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ed9dbaf8639a10728d10bfd36847cfc0dc587bc6126f68fd4b218d0e6f94a565","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00.815686Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00.815686Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zCylw3WgqPMfTLC2QSpEcznzsklEyCpgF41i50IYIiB9eVv3dJjs+IWdabMHaB0g0x3kTehGS3hUgEtpwojDAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:00.816091Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.0022","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1b8bcc0237ff88f113ded0f97abd935f0b0aff78179ea19a256dd25db1a5e80d","sha256:ccd5804663b4f3fba0c3b284e1c9dfcf32501619468663e64bfc57a1b4d2fb94"],"state_sha256":"64e956929092bf710460b8e3a6c0db97457587615f6f20a2aa1568cbca2c3e05"}