{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32","short_pith_number":"pith:5YIAZXRN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"87128c5f3c844a878b6939eb6981dfe306896bd562e3441f53a00e64301807f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f594641498f9c60c4da88d7c570c3d7b080e0f7d3685e17f223b93adaa260f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee100cde2d0e50156b119e31666b77de8a45ec65f7b1c3eb31d9ad741d29fc0a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.13865","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.13865","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.13865v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.13865","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5YIAZXRNBZIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5YIAZXRN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"87128c5f3c844a878b6939eb6981dfe306896bd562e3441f53a00e64301807f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f594641498f9c60c4da88d7c570c3d7b080e0f7d3685e17f223b93adaa260f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee100cde2d0e50156b119e31666b77de8a45ec65f7b1c3eb31d9ad741d29fc0a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.501337Z","signature_b64":"TdhNa72MxFrIeoPYuKBpH+v4Qrh7seIPHj83znCELn+rLMlW7YhzIziHma1x3669q9GFGErIbuCEZW3+4ZPNAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ee100cde2d0e50156b119e31666b77de8a45ec65f7b1c3eb31d9ad741d29fc0a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.500978Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.500978Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.13865","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xw7mh5ej5GcAJOcIXzdJtXTYJD4x7SY9ywcXdKuTMKKADjiBsaKcBqGP05N2Aq4XkAJ1qSRlKGJn+K3YwOh7Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:23:42.078371Z"},"content_sha256":"27fca96fa72e016e389038f70adecb13630847a98f69a3389bed925e92b082dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27fca96fa72e016e389038f70adecb13630847a98f69a3389bed925e92b082dc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic for Misinformation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Iryna Gurevych, Max Glockner, Yufang Hou","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Misinformation emerges in times of uncertainty when credible information is limited. This is challenging for NLP-based fact-checking as it relies on counter-evidence, which may not yet be available. Despite increasing interest in automatic fact-checking, it is still unclear if automated approaches can realistically refute harmful real-world misinformation. Here, we contrast and compare NLP fact-checking with how professional fact-checkers combat misinformation in the absence of counter-evidence. In our analysis, we show that, by design, existing NLP task definitions for fact-checking cannot re"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.13865/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xE5smnzXrzZla+Shxx5HqwDh70gQpxcm02t7ic+MeY57i5Yq0GrDR0zNhB/pgm+li2x/0dPBqf7lB3WredPLDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:23:42.078923Z"},"content_sha256":"8e92f58221974b0e9c7ea81e1926281b7335da2acdf0c32184626bfd6bb761f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e92f58221974b0e9c7ea81e1926281b7335da2acdf0c32184626bfd6bb761f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T08:23:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YRTYYWM23X32","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f594641498f9c60c4da88d7c570c3d7b080e0f7d3685e17f223b93adaa260f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"87128c5f3c844a878b6939eb6981dfe306896bd562e3441f53a00e64301807f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.13865","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.13865v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.13865","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5YIAZXRNBZIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5YIAZXRNBZIBK2YR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5YIAZXRN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8e92f58221974b0e9c7ea81e1926281b7335da2acdf0c32184626bfd6bb761f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.13865/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Misinformation emerges in times of uncertainty when credible information is limited. This is challenging for NLP-based fact-checking as it relies on counter-evidence, which may not yet be available. Despite increasing interest in automatic fact-checking, it is still unclear if automated approaches can realistically refute harmful real-world misinformation. Here, we contrast and compare NLP fact-checking with how professional fact-checkers combat misinformation in the absence of counter-evidence. In our analysis, we show that, by design, existing NLP task definitions for fact-checking cannot re","authors_text":"Iryna Gurevych, Max Glockner, Yufang Hou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","title":"Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic for Misinformation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:27fca96fa72e016e389038f70adecb13630847a98f69a3389bed925e92b082dc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f594641498f9c60c4da88d7c570c3d7b080e0f7d3685e17f223b93adaa260f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-25T09:40:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"87128c5f3c844a878b6939eb6981dfe306896bd562e3441f53a00e64301807f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.13865","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ee100cde2d0e50156b119e31666b77de8a45ec65f7b1c3eb31d9ad741d29fc0a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ee100cde2d0e50156b119e31666b77de8a45ec65f7b1c3eb31d9ad741d29fc0a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.500978Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.500978Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TdhNa72MxFrIeoPYuKBpH+v4Qrh7seIPHj83znCELn+rLMlW7YhzIziHma1x3669q9GFGErIbuCEZW3+4ZPNAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:10:23.501337Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.13865","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:27fca96fa72e016e389038f70adecb13630847a98f69a3389bed925e92b082dc","sha256:8e92f58221974b0e9c7ea81e1926281b7335da2acdf0c32184626bfd6bb761f5"],"state_sha256":"97e90f7cdbb60fdd9e9c41c13d864e4f0d54d60a32b6185c0b1918a1d92496bb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qrinYJNv0jsRrzEgnOKX4yEFcGcEh4FI3TeuNOG3e5OmbarlMX7+LlemwCwF3t0SZs96RnIY2lP2rg1LiE3WDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T08:23:42.083963Z","bundle_sha256":"6d418af4fa5ecc82ee161d556c35523e907d35e3eea54d879f0fd039548d755e"}}