{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP","short_pith_number":"pith:5Z6P3Z7H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"ba9d099f1bed072405b0e6dffee6caaea47058032ce455e30d3a14044b5035ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"337b5db1127e73af42607ad990812df8f86cdaee62eb55f0246832c11b69291f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee7cfde7e7c8f5ed9fc67d865163cbb3e3abd2b5ae3d831e3f78fb052f9a46ef","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.16966","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.16966","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.16966v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.16966","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7HZD26","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6G","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7H","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"ba9d099f1bed072405b0e6dffee6caaea47058032ce455e30d3a14044b5035ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"337b5db1127e73af42607ad990812df8f86cdaee62eb55f0246832c11b69291f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee7cfde7e7c8f5ed9fc67d865163cbb3e3abd2b5ae3d831e3f78fb052f9a46ef","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.200083Z","signature_b64":"5O1K+cs+GO3y5DbHulO/QA+/GeuzFGT5anin+HGKkvsppXFtHqyxRxMKg8LVKp0Knpsb2RSpkTsc4ndYeuKuBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ee7cfde7e7c8f5ed9fc67d865163cbb3e3abd2b5ae3d831e3f78fb052f9a46ef","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.199606Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.199606Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.16966","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vVhcPkg/ClKb7nFw0LVXxCHsZiQOq4LaSM4IyNfOg7PUm7SzPWIJchLxjiGcaezX8H31LzwZVordPxpMmY7UAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T04:03:25.963161Z"},"content_sha256":"c7eef9ec82ed25339d0f7ed2147992df02e561fb271135ff9db37b0a25adb253","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c7eef9ec82ed25339d0f7ed2147992df02e561fb271135ff9db37b0a25adb253"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dual-Delayed Asynchronous SGD for Arbitrarily Heterogeneous Data","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Hoi-To Wai, Jun Zhang, Xiaolu Wang, Yuchang Sun","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the distributed learning problem with data dispersed across multiple workers under the orchestration of a central server. Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has been widely explored in such a setting to reduce the synchronization overhead associated with parallelization. However, the performance of asynchronous SGD algorithms often depends on a bounded dissimilarity condition among the workers' local data, a condition that can drastically affect their efficiency when the workers' data are highly heterogeneous. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the \\textit{dual-d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.16966/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YOsV6Ol60f2OAqYuJRgZ+C71kp8v6/Kv0QGnapYfZUby/XNC52idl4tkM6oRnaXph1ZUpTCKJDYKJvAiDdjaAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T04:03:25.963679Z"},"content_sha256":"d76f7e62fa55cd81020ed2c69e9ff4d90c9eb9e9d2b1b32130d51b11884735c9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d76f7e62fa55cd81020ed2c69e9ff4d90c9eb9e9d2b1b32130d51b11884735c9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T04:03:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6GPWDFCY6LWP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"337b5db1127e73af42607ad990812df8f86cdaee62eb55f0246832c11b69291f","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba9d099f1bed072405b0e6dffee6caaea47058032ce455e30d3a14044b5035ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.16966","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.16966v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.16966","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7HZD26","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7HZD263H6G","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5Z6P3Z7H","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d76f7e62fa55cd81020ed2c69e9ff4d90c9eb9e9d2b1b32130d51b11884735c9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.16966/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the distributed learning problem with data dispersed across multiple workers under the orchestration of a central server. Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has been widely explored in such a setting to reduce the synchronization overhead associated with parallelization. However, the performance of asynchronous SGD algorithms often depends on a bounded dissimilarity condition among the workers' local data, a condition that can drastically affect their efficiency when the workers' data are highly heterogeneous. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the \\textit{dual-d","authors_text":"Hoi-To Wai, Jun Zhang, Xiaolu Wang, Yuchang Sun","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","title":"Dual-Delayed Asynchronous SGD for Arbitrarily Heterogeneous Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c7eef9ec82ed25339d0f7ed2147992df02e561fb271135ff9db37b0a25adb253","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"337b5db1127e73af42607ad990812df8f86cdaee62eb55f0246832c11b69291f","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T09:00:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba9d099f1bed072405b0e6dffee6caaea47058032ce455e30d3a14044b5035ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.16966","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ee7cfde7e7c8f5ed9fc67d865163cbb3e3abd2b5ae3d831e3f78fb052f9a46ef","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ee7cfde7e7c8f5ed9fc67d865163cbb3e3abd2b5ae3d831e3f78fb052f9a46ef","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.199606Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.199606Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5O1K+cs+GO3y5DbHulO/QA+/GeuzFGT5anin+HGKkvsppXFtHqyxRxMKg8LVKp0Knpsb2RSpkTsc4ndYeuKuBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:38.200083Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.16966","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c7eef9ec82ed25339d0f7ed2147992df02e561fb271135ff9db37b0a25adb253","sha256:d76f7e62fa55cd81020ed2c69e9ff4d90c9eb9e9d2b1b32130d51b11884735c9"],"state_sha256":"6fba12a0d9765c11ac3ecd9bf96ede0dacf04e0257636f995187bdf0f9ed317f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gHuNIqu4jHX+3IJXsUFC9LUdCOLMkOkt1Rv6UUodiJsY5Ru4hK4IFONEd1JnY2JZpfoURxz0W2FmRZMbrxbIAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T04:03:25.970993Z","bundle_sha256":"88fc02780ca65f368d294d3f8fc68dc9c3bcb3061a1c9cccc5fdc693b714841f"}}