{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U","short_pith_number":"pith:62SWRLKA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"37f587a587c4edbb9a7f402710cc1f341da5fc162da76ab17fd02d2f8a4d1cf6","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3d396c00f85aad45483bf9ad77c700f1c7b2cf0e69bdaddbed0f20f67bbefd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6a568ad40ceea6669da96ca696a25fd3b04c2ad8234c0492fa395873f06ffdc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.03956","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.03956","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.03956v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.03956","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"62SWRLKAZ3VG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"62SWRLKA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"37f587a587c4edbb9a7f402710cc1f341da5fc162da76ab17fd02d2f8a4d1cf6","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3d396c00f85aad45483bf9ad77c700f1c7b2cf0e69bdaddbed0f20f67bbefd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6a568ad40ceea6669da96ca696a25fd3b04c2ad8234c0492fa395873f06ffdc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004911Z","signature_b64":"rA9GCRIQi1utvxPhVmwgIamu/voaoz3B0rTjhrPHYyCLDsUssIODFZyAYQuIUbydvB5wZrlSwdJcJcCu2JomCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f6a568ad40ceea6669da96ca696a25fd3b04c2ad8234c0492fa395873f06ffdc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004532Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.03956","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Pr42JuqqJN9wA/aEyhP9o3GfXyf7j+OPhXE5nqpy98OHBgVaxIHJsTQ4rJvmNWqZrp+On2zdlJfvFjLgAZwMCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:41:43.107585Z"},"content_sha256":"4d93d6caf9631d97a7543d32e41343e2eca02774467964a6d563ffc978a1797e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d93d6caf9631d97a7543d32e41343e2eca02774467964a6d563ffc978a1797e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Continuous nucleation switching driven by spin-orbit torques","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"A. G. Kolesnikov, A. S. Samardak, A. V. Ognev, C. H. Wan, G. Q. Yu, M. A. Bazrov, M. E. Letushev, M. E. Stebliy, X. F. Han, X. Wang","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Continuous switching driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) is preferred to realize neuromorphic computing in a spintronic manner. Here we have applied focused ion beam (FIB) to selectively illuminate patterned regions in a Pt/Co/MgO strip with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), soften the illuminated areas and realize the continuous switching by a SOT-driven nucleation process. It is found that a large in-plane field is a benefit to reduce the nucleation barrier, increase the number of nucleated domains and intermediate states during the switching progress, and finally flatten the switching "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.03956/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nPip4Y04C+cJf4dCKpjhhuZES9mEeLxiqrQIfLxJiz5P8AhEG6GrLyo1hDeggL8R4uJR+WADd533zXGhEqmODw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:41:43.107966Z"},"content_sha256":"68c14f7057af5b7c5b30819fc990cbbfeeedbd0693b79dd3ad069fc173e8eb23","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:68c14f7057af5b7c5b30819fc990cbbfeeedbd0693b79dd3ad069fc173e8eb23"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T18:41:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2S3FGS2RF7U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3d396c00f85aad45483bf9ad77c700f1c7b2cf0e69bdaddbed0f20f67bbefd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"37f587a587c4edbb9a7f402710cc1f341da5fc162da76ab17fd02d2f8a4d1cf6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.03956","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.03956v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.03956","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"62SWRLKAZ3VG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"62SWRLKAZ3VGM2O2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"62SWRLKA","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:68c14f7057af5b7c5b30819fc990cbbfeeedbd0693b79dd3ad069fc173e8eb23","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.03956/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Continuous switching driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) is preferred to realize neuromorphic computing in a spintronic manner. Here we have applied focused ion beam (FIB) to selectively illuminate patterned regions in a Pt/Co/MgO strip with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), soften the illuminated areas and realize the continuous switching by a SOT-driven nucleation process. It is found that a large in-plane field is a benefit to reduce the nucleation barrier, increase the number of nucleated domains and intermediate states during the switching progress, and finally flatten the switching ","authors_text":"A. G. Kolesnikov, A. S. Samardak, A. V. Ognev, C. H. Wan, G. Q. Yu, M. A. Bazrov, M. E. Letushev, M. E. Stebliy, X. F. Han, X. Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","title":"Continuous nucleation switching driven by spin-orbit torques"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4d93d6caf9631d97a7543d32e41343e2eca02774467964a6d563ffc978a1797e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c3d396c00f85aad45483bf9ad77c700f1c7b2cf0e69bdaddbed0f20f67bbefd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-08T11:26:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"37f587a587c4edbb9a7f402710cc1f341da5fc162da76ab17fd02d2f8a4d1cf6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.03956","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f6a568ad40ceea6669da96ca696a25fd3b04c2ad8234c0492fa395873f06ffdc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f6a568ad40ceea6669da96ca696a25fd3b04c2ad8234c0492fa395873f06ffdc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004532Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rA9GCRIQi1utvxPhVmwgIamu/voaoz3B0rTjhrPHYyCLDsUssIODFZyAYQuIUbydvB5wZrlSwdJcJcCu2JomCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:50:01.004911Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.03956","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4d93d6caf9631d97a7543d32e41343e2eca02774467964a6d563ffc978a1797e","sha256:68c14f7057af5b7c5b30819fc990cbbfeeedbd0693b79dd3ad069fc173e8eb23"],"state_sha256":"9a80633c2689c0cac4695b31e457d368f4da39195f3b320ab8f7620d9b086f70"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/1HylP3wUVoyWOQi3RxppDhw31yxqbu88J86BImCaY5PC9LPbs8CyNeB+4FUZP1D32TuW7woQ1s8P2DaoBCXDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:41:43.109968Z","bundle_sha256":"811048ea8a2fafd02c694d8d5da0ab9a6fe8851c424a7af1e79f633c18b92095"}}