{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA","short_pith_number":"pith:63ACOS2I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2df2120db6c30cb67a5b5004e88e52e1ffd9ae1ea2b2e07f3bb42677f2507d19","abstract_canon_sha256":"3274f6825f0e8b9a54851c4aafb7cbfb6081f1fc3a3c65e65cc28b452f855076"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6c0274b48e3cca0ea77ffa19af5a3183fce0c106e93b9b702434c28c46f56b2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.07081","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.07081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.07081v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.07081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"63ACOS2I4PGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"63ACOS2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"2df2120db6c30cb67a5b5004e88e52e1ffd9ae1ea2b2e07f3bb42677f2507d19","abstract_canon_sha256":"3274f6825f0e8b9a54851c4aafb7cbfb6081f1fc3a3c65e65cc28b452f855076"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6c0274b48e3cca0ea77ffa19af5a3183fce0c106e93b9b702434c28c46f56b2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595650Z","signature_b64":"EUzft3WPLa1b7geG1nDfk1TJ1RQeUMsOG1CmkpE+pYsnuL9mYtqfXrbOq7/wY4oQaN5syERJRPMvkbzVX6YPAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f6c0274b48e3cca0ea77ffa19af5a3183fce0c106e93b9b702434c28c46f56b2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595192Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.07081","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MOn0KY61mHCtZY5n11JeaqC0KFvUxynMCyRqr71kSUfI3HpC3TiFjJCJpP8wqvoEZGmpk2rX61HDbA7vGrrkAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T11:52:20.184779Z"},"content_sha256":"caefef8ec2f8d4c7a9263ec494b6b9f6a6aeae9d145ecd4eb7e87377bcc51ab4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:caefef8ec2f8d4c7a9263ec494b6b9f6a6aeae9d145ecd4eb7e87377bcc51ab4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bosonization in three spatial dimensions and a 2-form gauge theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","authors_text":"Anton Kapustin, Yu-An Chen","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe a 3d analog of the Jordan-Wigner transformation which maps an arbitrary fermionic system on a 3d spatial lattice to a 2-form $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory with an unusual Gauss law. An important property of this map is that it preserves the locality of the Hamiltonian. The map depends explicitly on the choice of a spin structure of the spatial manifold. We give examples of 3d bosonic systems dual to free fermions. We also describe the corresponding Euclidean lattice models, which is analogous to the generalized Steenrod square term in (3+1)D (compared to the Chern-Simon term in (2+1)"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1807.07081/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8w+JnXBAj9LTCAiURQy0LdCW+D/fOHqm9ZfOohTcxZFW532Xp4+05c9QaksTT+lBPXjtPQl4Av39HOT1W5MZBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T11:52:20.185295Z"},"content_sha256":"e035e45f70372bfa9f8e1e226d493b0006ee963cedbe970b7d03529610d450ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e035e45f70372bfa9f8e1e226d493b0006ee963cedbe970b7d03529610d450ef"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T11:52:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX76QZV5NDDA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3274f6825f0e8b9a54851c4aafb7cbfb6081f1fc3a3c65e65cc28b452f855076","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"2df2120db6c30cb67a5b5004e88e52e1ffd9ae1ea2b2e07f3bb42677f2507d19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.07081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.07081v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.07081","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"63ACOS2I4PGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"63ACOS2I4PGKB2TX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"63ACOS2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e035e45f70372bfa9f8e1e226d493b0006ee963cedbe970b7d03529610d450ef","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1807.07081/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We describe a 3d analog of the Jordan-Wigner transformation which maps an arbitrary fermionic system on a 3d spatial lattice to a 2-form $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory with an unusual Gauss law. An important property of this map is that it preserves the locality of the Hamiltonian. The map depends explicitly on the choice of a spin structure of the spatial manifold. We give examples of 3d bosonic systems dual to free fermions. We also describe the corresponding Euclidean lattice models, which is analogous to the generalized Steenrod square term in (3+1)D (compared to the Chern-Simon term in (2+1)","authors_text":"Anton Kapustin, Yu-An Chen","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","title":"Bosonization in three spatial dimensions and a 2-form gauge theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:caefef8ec2f8d4c7a9263ec494b6b9f6a6aeae9d145ecd4eb7e87377bcc51ab4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3274f6825f0e8b9a54851c4aafb7cbfb6081f1fc3a3c65e65cc28b452f855076","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2018-07-18T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"2df2120db6c30cb67a5b5004e88e52e1ffd9ae1ea2b2e07f3bb42677f2507d19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.07081","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f6c0274b48e3cca0ea77ffa19af5a3183fce0c106e93b9b702434c28c46f56b2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f6c0274b48e3cca0ea77ffa19af5a3183fce0c106e93b9b702434c28c46f56b2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595192Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EUzft3WPLa1b7geG1nDfk1TJ1RQeUMsOG1CmkpE+pYsnuL9mYtqfXrbOq7/wY4oQaN5syERJRPMvkbzVX6YPAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:28:06.595650Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.07081","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:caefef8ec2f8d4c7a9263ec494b6b9f6a6aeae9d145ecd4eb7e87377bcc51ab4","sha256:e035e45f70372bfa9f8e1e226d493b0006ee963cedbe970b7d03529610d450ef"],"state_sha256":"2cb18c73fa435da6e88ca8ac66acf9f17367c331f7ff76fcce4e065a398872f7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"03EwbioVDtJggvFU5+uyZbtWUH5JLkws7CztkhZfuwiqzPKDNtnFC4XWi+ul8X5HCTGyFYchFa5JgiiqHsLGBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T11:52:20.190245Z","bundle_sha256":"00bdca8d8ee26d1bd5160ea531f6ee15fe9e86c4c836f5b527737d2a8addb482"}}