{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR","short_pith_number":"pith:63TXOKEH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c6e938aa66de87217f3ffe07344baabb8a274ab6732138bea0d9db8114392280","abstract_canon_sha256":"73837f0feb61bf28492da8738e39386487151617e5499020a47eabdd4d377734"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6e7772887d5d28fda8f1d9638a4b22c726515b1b80e3c7be3ee7927e2211f12","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.06415","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.06415","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.06415v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.06415","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"63TXOKEH2XJI","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"63TXOKEH2XJI7WUP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"63TXOKEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"c6e938aa66de87217f3ffe07344baabb8a274ab6732138bea0d9db8114392280","abstract_canon_sha256":"73837f0feb61bf28492da8738e39386487151617e5499020a47eabdd4d377734"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f6e7772887d5d28fda8f1d9638a4b22c726515b1b80e3c7be3ee7927e2211f12","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.148180Z","signature_b64":"4mAdYrH+ZH+Bgb0ueK54aWPCrLuiV590fwNW3kIJ5uBKAiJ1p0Ktds2huo8J/2fqjujU1DoJBQ5nvLmtnFBQCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f6e7772887d5d28fda8f1d9638a4b22c726515b1b80e3c7be3ee7927e2211f12","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.147816Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.147816Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.06415","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ijZroS0TThw7/YQQGxWOI9SPpAcTlGvBcVypkfYR624AMlFW0anFcg4iSaEyT71DQ8zuJ/CLh4SzRvksF8rvBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T05:46:25.870425Z"},"content_sha256":"a9a66583ecc0df088913d86aca2784e500cbe94fedb7ec3afe1e9f2a9159d826","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9a66583ecc0df088913d86aca2784e500cbe94fedb7ec3afe1e9f2a9159d826"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning for Low Resource Relation Extraction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenwei Zhang, Lijie Wen, Li Lin, Philip S. Yu, Xiaohe Li, Xuming Hu, Yawen Yang","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Low-resource Relation Extraction (LRE) aims to extract relation facts from limited labeled corpora when human annotation is scarce. Existing works either utilize self-training scheme to generate pseudo labels that will cause the gradual drift problem, or leverage meta-learning scheme which does not solicit feedback explicitly. To alleviate selection bias due to the lack of feedback loops in existing LRE learning paradigms, we developed a Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning method to encourage pseudo label data to imitate the gradient descent direction on labeled data and bootstrap its op"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.06415/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o+yK63wb1hPzlOCeNytCxe94KOD5squMP8KBRDNzwpJ2Zgyj2hES87OTI1zQo+U47Wx1j0MQnScDE8bUAApjDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T05:46:25.870811Z"},"content_sha256":"80e5a0109619f67dd6cfb48fcf268b79cb314eed9fdf1bb965db25a2270f6f16","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:80e5a0109619f67dd6cfb48fcf268b79cb314eed9fdf1bb965db25a2270f6f16"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-25T05:46:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:63TXOKEH2XJI7WUPDWLDRJFSFR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"73837f0feb61bf28492da8738e39386487151617e5499020a47eabdd4d377734","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"c6e938aa66de87217f3ffe07344baabb8a274ab6732138bea0d9db8114392280"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.06415","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.06415v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.06415","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"63TXOKEH2XJI","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"63TXOKEH2XJI7WUP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"63TXOKEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:80e5a0109619f67dd6cfb48fcf268b79cb314eed9fdf1bb965db25a2270f6f16","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.06415/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Low-resource Relation Extraction (LRE) aims to extract relation facts from limited labeled corpora when human annotation is scarce. Existing works either utilize self-training scheme to generate pseudo labels that will cause the gradual drift problem, or leverage meta-learning scheme which does not solicit feedback explicitly. To alleviate selection bias due to the lack of feedback loops in existing LRE learning paradigms, we developed a Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning method to encourage pseudo label data to imitate the gradient descent direction on labeled data and bootstrap its op","authors_text":"Chenwei Zhang, Lijie Wen, Li Lin, Philip S. Yu, Xiaohe Li, Xuming Hu, Yawen Yang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","title":"Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning for Low Resource Relation Extraction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a9a66583ecc0df088913d86aca2784e500cbe94fedb7ec3afe1e9f2a9159d826","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"73837f0feb61bf28492da8738e39386487151617e5499020a47eabdd4d377734","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-14T03:51:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"c6e938aa66de87217f3ffe07344baabb8a274ab6732138bea0d9db8114392280"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.06415","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f6e7772887d5d28fda8f1d9638a4b22c726515b1b80e3c7be3ee7927e2211f12","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f6e7772887d5d28fda8f1d9638a4b22c726515b1b80e3c7be3ee7927e2211f12","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.147816Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.147816Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4mAdYrH+ZH+Bgb0ueK54aWPCrLuiV590fwNW3kIJ5uBKAiJ1p0Ktds2huo8J/2fqjujU1DoJBQ5nvLmtnFBQCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:54.148180Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.06415","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a9a66583ecc0df088913d86aca2784e500cbe94fedb7ec3afe1e9f2a9159d826","sha256:80e5a0109619f67dd6cfb48fcf268b79cb314eed9fdf1bb965db25a2270f6f16"],"state_sha256":"7ad5ca0266aa22e50304163d04b5441b190057b918dcd95cbf8b6071b7e295ef"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h7oPB/JKnF3fuchc83hzR9OBY7keZaS7lhf6iYIU4pOR/bc0WqIYGeGUcix5LZdsRLVBHJMQ05NVA/njkI2MAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T05:46:25.873277Z","bundle_sha256":"56cd547005f58a04f791ed9c886ffe2a062e7e5762094ff0ba35e935b28cb6bf"}}