{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D","short_pith_number":"pith:65RHRGR7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cedac09f0602af35f010e727ae3198c7bae33d093dee29948d1bad70aa2bc9f9","abstract_canon_sha256":"12be7105bec84d64b5208d8ae418a9018abac7dc6862e579eaa2171c85fcd87c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f762789a3f2e3904b054346b0cae2dd8c77b5a9553ccf202f1dec44e91204ef0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1208.0518","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1208.0518","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1208.0518v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1208.0518","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"65RHRGR7FY4Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"65RHRGR7FY4QJMCU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"65RHRGR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cedac09f0602af35f010e727ae3198c7bae33d093dee29948d1bad70aa2bc9f9","abstract_canon_sha256":"12be7105bec84d64b5208d8ae418a9018abac7dc6862e579eaa2171c85fcd87c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f762789a3f2e3904b054346b0cae2dd8c77b5a9553ccf202f1dec44e91204ef0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958997Z","signature_b64":"+kHLS0tAzBHpfvqcwWpzaqoPETpwUNj95BqaWZPPuaSU4vWOby6Q7umSjXr5S8rrqsqCTyl9hjWr2l1RJpb0BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f762789a3f2e3904b054346b0cae2dd8c77b5a9553ccf202f1dec44e91204ef0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958281Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1208.0518","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J7sVRODHUE4lpSh1Wjd65bWEzycUQYpaOYBTRxDuK/4Oe10DVffAKJb+9NC3EkeXw6tczYXFviYBUj3y+BBtAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:17:10.897239Z"},"content_sha256":"31ace4fa84ed1b9b2e991dfebe254ff4bd07988a7126fc63a6b72f30cfed10d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:31ace4fa84ed1b9b2e991dfebe254ff4bd07988a7126fc63a6b72f30cfed10d4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The efficacy of group selection is increased by coexistence dynamics within groups","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Alexandra S. Penn, Richard A. Watson, Simon T. Powers","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Selection on the level of loosely associated groups has been suggested as a route towards the evolution of cooperation between individuals and the subsequent formation of higher-level biological entities. Such group selection explanations remain problematic, however, due to the narrow range of parameters under which they can overturn within-group selection that favours selfish behaviour. In principle, individual selection could act on such parameters so as to strengthen the force of between-group selection and hence increase cooperation and individual fitness, as illustrated in our previous wo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZiXxlZeTzSaeJQmonivysNCai3Rva7+xeCQJuVTIMM/pbjYi+E+JpzNUG/7OTE5ti/l9BiM+zMPebokwVMbnCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:17:10.897805Z"},"content_sha256":"7fc28cc9ea13c1705278d23603e180137f25543f9f0f843b1a7c0e9985d4a68f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7fc28cc9ea13c1705278d23603e180137f25543f9f0f843b1a7c0e9985d4a68f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T07:17:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:65RHRGR7FY4QJMCUGRVQZLRN3D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12be7105bec84d64b5208d8ae418a9018abac7dc6862e579eaa2171c85fcd87c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"cedac09f0602af35f010e727ae3198c7bae33d093dee29948d1bad70aa2bc9f9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1208.0518","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1208.0518v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1208.0518","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"65RHRGR7FY4Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"65RHRGR7FY4QJMCU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"65RHRGR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7fc28cc9ea13c1705278d23603e180137f25543f9f0f843b1a7c0e9985d4a68f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Selection on the level of loosely associated groups has been suggested as a route towards the evolution of cooperation between individuals and the subsequent formation of higher-level biological entities. Such group selection explanations remain problematic, however, due to the narrow range of parameters under which they can overturn within-group selection that favours selfish behaviour. In principle, individual selection could act on such parameters so as to strengthen the force of between-group selection and hence increase cooperation and individual fitness, as illustrated in our previous wo","authors_text":"Alexandra S. Penn, Richard A. Watson, Simon T. Powers","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","title":"The efficacy of group selection is increased by coexistence dynamics within groups"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:31ace4fa84ed1b9b2e991dfebe254ff4bd07988a7126fc63a6b72f30cfed10d4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12be7105bec84d64b5208d8ae418a9018abac7dc6862e579eaa2171c85fcd87c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2012-08-02T15:36:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"cedac09f0602af35f010e727ae3198c7bae33d093dee29948d1bad70aa2bc9f9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1208.0518","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f762789a3f2e3904b054346b0cae2dd8c77b5a9553ccf202f1dec44e91204ef0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f762789a3f2e3904b054346b0cae2dd8c77b5a9553ccf202f1dec44e91204ef0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958281Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+kHLS0tAzBHpfvqcwWpzaqoPETpwUNj95BqaWZPPuaSU4vWOby6Q7umSjXr5S8rrqsqCTyl9hjWr2l1RJpb0BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:33.958997Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1208.0518","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:31ace4fa84ed1b9b2e991dfebe254ff4bd07988a7126fc63a6b72f30cfed10d4","sha256:7fc28cc9ea13c1705278d23603e180137f25543f9f0f843b1a7c0e9985d4a68f"],"state_sha256":"f0ad40c23d58b6e7a1488afd8d95f79920f8b8ab49a09c9ba4380f029b45970b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F35g3aM7seHymMeXxmJfL1vTwc5eG/hdGT8ojXYeXQ5UhsxkOThF3WQ/Wv3q6lPmbBY+hgbMy7bHyCKN4ZrVAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:17:10.900601Z","bundle_sha256":"21bb51bf52940727650f27841f9114319b19053f479a36e2e64c636ba2d3546d"}}