{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS","short_pith_number":"pith:66RJEVQM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"51f6cdb6d365297fe3dcd98dc7262f8fdf6277c0af862343edbab25f604a984e","abstract_canon_sha256":"cbffd1f0120efa091512b0bba138036e781f1fe8a819d6e897585f60ee10303a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7a292560c66c3ff1f33bd832af38214905e935641e2aad07047504d364e0113","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.03829","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.03829","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.03829v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.03829","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"66RJEVQMM3B7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"66RJEVQMM3B76HZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"66RJEVQM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"51f6cdb6d365297fe3dcd98dc7262f8fdf6277c0af862343edbab25f604a984e","abstract_canon_sha256":"cbffd1f0120efa091512b0bba138036e781f1fe8a819d6e897585f60ee10303a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7a292560c66c3ff1f33bd832af38214905e935641e2aad07047504d364e0113","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567855Z","signature_b64":"ofpcR8Ekmwk2K9CuoAIclRiC0mWKld2P/KE78Yp1S5NS+gdc+MuwXhlq4Hmxwc3gtD/qCcJn3psa+IpShj/wBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f7a292560c66c3ff1f33bd832af38214905e935641e2aad07047504d364e0113","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567397Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567397Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.03829","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z2ESsZlEzuZt++ZVp4U1xOftwzWbT4qb5Ph8jBb5un6spK/xIICBPZPRtytOwIdameG7YDDOfqxRpJk50qIGDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T22:04:56.028829Z"},"content_sha256":"407f0fd780ada8acf4bd3720d73909aa011cf84efbbe090d7eda2cf33ecb259d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:407f0fd780ada8acf4bd3720d73909aa011cf84efbbe090d7eda2cf33ecb259d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"TimeLMs: Diachronic Language Models from Twitter","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Daniel Loureiro, Francesco Barbieri, Jose Camacho-Collados, Leonardo Neves, Luis Espinosa Anke","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite its importance, the time variable has been largely neglected in the NLP and language model literature. In this paper, we present TimeLMs, a set of language models specialized on diachronic Twitter data. We show that a continual learning strategy contributes to enhancing Twitter-based language models' capacity to deal with future and out-of-distribution tweets, while making them competitive with standardized and more monolithic benchmarks. We also perform a number of qualitative analyses showing how they cope with trends and peaks in activity involving specific named entities or concept"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.03829/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qloERqR5IGEVaQpoN8HII47BE5MTHECqiTQkvgL00MpHGXNbg5IjdT29PDHBKP1Qmt5csqJLsPELE13YvpfIAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T22:04:56.029324Z"},"content_sha256":"8ca27d31286bcce454c8611ca26ea9a6aab4518ee8eec6f9fd15aadeae59683e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ca27d31286bcce454c8611ca26ea9a6aab4518ee8eec6f9fd15aadeae59683e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T22:04:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:66RJEVQMM3B76HZTXWBSV44CCS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cbffd1f0120efa091512b0bba138036e781f1fe8a819d6e897585f60ee10303a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"51f6cdb6d365297fe3dcd98dc7262f8fdf6277c0af862343edbab25f604a984e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.03829","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.03829v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.03829","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"66RJEVQMM3B7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"66RJEVQMM3B76HZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"66RJEVQM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8ca27d31286bcce454c8611ca26ea9a6aab4518ee8eec6f9fd15aadeae59683e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.03829/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite its importance, the time variable has been largely neglected in the NLP and language model literature. In this paper, we present TimeLMs, a set of language models specialized on diachronic Twitter data. We show that a continual learning strategy contributes to enhancing Twitter-based language models' capacity to deal with future and out-of-distribution tweets, while making them competitive with standardized and more monolithic benchmarks. We also perform a number of qualitative analyses showing how they cope with trends and peaks in activity involving specific named entities or concept","authors_text":"Daniel Loureiro, Francesco Barbieri, Jose Camacho-Collados, Leonardo Neves, Luis Espinosa Anke","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","title":"TimeLMs: Diachronic Language Models from Twitter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:407f0fd780ada8acf4bd3720d73909aa011cf84efbbe090d7eda2cf33ecb259d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cbffd1f0120efa091512b0bba138036e781f1fe8a819d6e897585f60ee10303a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T12:47:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"51f6cdb6d365297fe3dcd98dc7262f8fdf6277c0af862343edbab25f604a984e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.03829","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f7a292560c66c3ff1f33bd832af38214905e935641e2aad07047504d364e0113","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f7a292560c66c3ff1f33bd832af38214905e935641e2aad07047504d364e0113","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567397Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567397Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ofpcR8Ekmwk2K9CuoAIclRiC0mWKld2P/KE78Yp1S5NS+gdc+MuwXhlq4Hmxwc3gtD/qCcJn3psa+IpShj/wBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:10:39.567855Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.03829","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:407f0fd780ada8acf4bd3720d73909aa011cf84efbbe090d7eda2cf33ecb259d","sha256:8ca27d31286bcce454c8611ca26ea9a6aab4518ee8eec6f9fd15aadeae59683e"],"state_sha256":"78cab91a144cbba353285f28760cac47262d5c6a0e95af15e9b622d882e842ce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DbtEsWWMgZYrCCEWdhATGie+x0QWmBKdM/f6IQxDYgDyse4mjd+oxEQ62243JLz75z/TXNF8wihQ42pEfpdoDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T22:04:56.032963Z","bundle_sha256":"881ca8967e8913eafae1335f5e6295b5e0ee7e7b346f6b0c4f5c6fc6b08f6250"}}