{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK","short_pith_number":"pith:674IFYMT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dcd80e8e4662fc8a773bb45940dce1d396bf85e17efe4cc29f985528f5c94da6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f9c9ab4d937e3007d396605592fed578cf215deac88032e01299005f23395b2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7f882e19306bdfa4333272acb18db2a9b2994f3006f4b5a4a7b81811486a0c9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1110.3085","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.3085","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.3085v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.3085","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"674IFYMTA267","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"674IFYMTA267UQZT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"674IFYMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dcd80e8e4662fc8a773bb45940dce1d396bf85e17efe4cc29f985528f5c94da6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f9c9ab4d937e3007d396605592fed578cf215deac88032e01299005f23395b2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7f882e19306bdfa4333272acb18db2a9b2994f3006f4b5a4a7b81811486a0c9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.127378Z","signature_b64":"VfCB64WC2jn4xLSnlvlUoQDTEeakfnUDMVa2LARYWyLwz9fYqIkEjwpGHG5vguJnBSpPdcosiWLSLLinb8ThBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f7f882e19306bdfa4333272acb18db2a9b2994f3006f4b5a4a7b81811486a0c9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.126664Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.126664Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1110.3085","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A6+X5dMYFILMLpYG444IH3GG/rs2/PF7D5jza4gRrUwR0cFjEhKu/YM1I9hTXZR7mmQWoaa7+qYx5lmERSbFAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:56:55.697285Z"},"content_sha256":"25c885c52ca8e7bb962de13047bc61c1e7e209f3df6fb96ad599e18c4678606a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:25c885c52ca8e7bb962de13047bc61c1e7e209f3df6fb96ad599e18c4678606a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of an over-expanded planar nozzle","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Britton J. Olson, Sanjiva K. Lele","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"This fluid dynamics video shows visualizations of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of an over-expanded planar nozzle. This configuration represents the experimental setup of Papamoschou et. al. which found the position of the internal shock to be unstable. Our LES calculations confirm this instability and offer a vibrant and dynamic view of the underlying flow physics. The interaction between shock and turbulent boundary layer is shown as is the subsequent separation region downstream. Numerical Schlieren provide a glimpse of the low frequency shock motion and suggest potential mechanisms for the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fszm2MqYFxnhHyY0XSU+2nhE0Q61SWnBBAzdyPi3Tee50TaaG5KGrUcaw4QNQtupFZwqTcQRGyYwJ898Hy5zDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:56:55.697940Z"},"content_sha256":"a88d400570c71db1ce1354f6133cb11e43ba1b4637b3ee377401c331686f9118","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a88d400570c71db1ce1354f6133cb11e43ba1b4637b3ee377401c331686f9118"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T19:56:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:674IFYMTA267UQZTE4VMWGG3FK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f9c9ab4d937e3007d396605592fed578cf215deac88032e01299005f23395b2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"dcd80e8e4662fc8a773bb45940dce1d396bf85e17efe4cc29f985528f5c94da6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.3085","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.3085v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.3085","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"674IFYMTA267","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"674IFYMTA267UQZT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"674IFYMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a88d400570c71db1ce1354f6133cb11e43ba1b4637b3ee377401c331686f9118","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This fluid dynamics video shows visualizations of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of an over-expanded planar nozzle. This configuration represents the experimental setup of Papamoschou et. al. which found the position of the internal shock to be unstable. Our LES calculations confirm this instability and offer a vibrant and dynamic view of the underlying flow physics. The interaction between shock and turbulent boundary layer is shown as is the subsequent separation region downstream. Numerical Schlieren provide a glimpse of the low frequency shock motion and suggest potential mechanisms for the","authors_text":"Britton J. Olson, Sanjiva K. Lele","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of an over-expanded planar nozzle"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:25c885c52ca8e7bb962de13047bc61c1e7e209f3df6fb96ad599e18c4678606a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f9c9ab4d937e3007d396605592fed578cf215deac88032e01299005f23395b2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2011-10-13T22:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"dcd80e8e4662fc8a773bb45940dce1d396bf85e17efe4cc29f985528f5c94da6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.3085","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f7f882e19306bdfa4333272acb18db2a9b2994f3006f4b5a4a7b81811486a0c9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f7f882e19306bdfa4333272acb18db2a9b2994f3006f4b5a4a7b81811486a0c9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.126664Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.126664Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VfCB64WC2jn4xLSnlvlUoQDTEeakfnUDMVa2LARYWyLwz9fYqIkEjwpGHG5vguJnBSpPdcosiWLSLLinb8ThBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:10:58.127378Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1110.3085","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:25c885c52ca8e7bb962de13047bc61c1e7e209f3df6fb96ad599e18c4678606a","sha256:a88d400570c71db1ce1354f6133cb11e43ba1b4637b3ee377401c331686f9118"],"state_sha256":"9751f36489a2e9dadec6e98cb38a4e8344f022e20ec402b73c2cdae429e299f6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I3hatOcA+l5x3aw3LQuPX9nMz+FfOFbFNaOfmU8f5PSHrNbVErml824JR+7RBrbWLdmDt/BqY+JROd+ikOkDDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T19:56:55.700935Z","bundle_sha256":"d825be91db27ddd52e71552963541a62c1cd5ae1aea82adbc764598094f57bdd"}}