{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG","short_pith_number":"pith:67R2RXI2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a08ae6a75620bf16a25363e154e852e55a7ff7be29e6d8306e852bc9d355e26e","abstract_canon_sha256":"2410b856f7f660376cf8b6704bd9c9dc5a29fa970d0a5d87b9e7a06d5498eb50"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7e3a8dd1af4637ccf63afdf438d5b599f9c11bcd762b47dc2aef08cc203bfb9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.18100","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.18100","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.18100v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.18100","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"67R2RXI26RRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"67R2RXI26RRXZT3D","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"67R2RXI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a08ae6a75620bf16a25363e154e852e55a7ff7be29e6d8306e852bc9d355e26e","abstract_canon_sha256":"2410b856f7f660376cf8b6704bd9c9dc5a29fa970d0a5d87b9e7a06d5498eb50"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f7e3a8dd1af4637ccf63afdf438d5b599f9c11bcd762b47dc2aef08cc203bfb9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588832Z","signature_b64":"p/Fl7u6B+UY27B0iUNtuM1jz/CVOcRDS2q/ZhbPqaJ5dA1ihbnOdTBpj8Kpp8kFMs3zNtxXhkMeKT6YH2potAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f7e3a8dd1af4637ccf63afdf438d5b599f9c11bcd762b47dc2aef08cc203bfb9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588488Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588488Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.18100","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OG1W8taLP9RYGwIlISqWWxOcnlNUyswP56gweBq3zkXzNSTvf9z96QXBs/L8aoEamAx2KRS1yRbDrxUUQPPmDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:50:46.291045Z"},"content_sha256":"d93bc432f2108f7e39ff209c166f7ca73cbdf815283588de290ea2c8cc3ea3b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d93bc432f2108f7e39ff209c166f7ca73cbdf815283588de290ea2c8cc3ea3b5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct and retrograde signal propagation in unidirectionally coupled Wilson-Cowan oscillators","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Guy Elisha, John E. Pandolfino, Neelesh A. Patankar, Peter J. Kahrilas, Richard Gast, Sara A. Solla, Sourav Halder","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Certain biological systems exhibit both direct and retrograde propagating wave signals, despite unidirectional neural coupling. However, there is no model to explain this. Therefore, the underlying physics of reversing the signal's direction for one-way coupling remains unclear. Here, we resolve this issue using a Wilson-Cowan oscillators network. By analyzing the limit cycle period of various coupling configurations, we determine that intrinsic frequency differences among oscillators control wave directionality."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.18100/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6AsbQ+uQfVRz3Jn10jl5iCRsMA9zfihN31VqlN/chhvHKfPSWw0mPw5i6PcWvQnkmzei7KsUnPlxDBN99UJoBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:50:46.295361Z"},"content_sha256":"2e3bd75db5738d825cbd48fe7cba007e340718da1fabe01da6b2b0e2934aff6d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2e3bd75db5738d825cbd48fe7cba007e340718da1fabe01da6b2b0e2934aff6d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T17:50:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:67R2RXI26RRXZT3DV7PUHDK3LG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2410b856f7f660376cf8b6704bd9c9dc5a29fa970d0a5d87b9e7a06d5498eb50","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a08ae6a75620bf16a25363e154e852e55a7ff7be29e6d8306e852bc9d355e26e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.18100","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.18100v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.18100","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"67R2RXI26RRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"67R2RXI26RRXZT3D","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"67R2RXI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2e3bd75db5738d825cbd48fe7cba007e340718da1fabe01da6b2b0e2934aff6d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.18100/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Certain biological systems exhibit both direct and retrograde propagating wave signals, despite unidirectional neural coupling. However, there is no model to explain this. Therefore, the underlying physics of reversing the signal's direction for one-way coupling remains unclear. Here, we resolve this issue using a Wilson-Cowan oscillators network. By analyzing the limit cycle period of various coupling configurations, we determine that intrinsic frequency differences among oscillators control wave directionality.","authors_text":"Guy Elisha, John E. Pandolfino, Neelesh A. Patankar, Peter J. Kahrilas, Richard Gast, Sara A. Solla, Sourav Halder","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","title":"Direct and retrograde signal propagation in unidirectionally coupled Wilson-Cowan oscillators"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d93bc432f2108f7e39ff209c166f7ca73cbdf815283588de290ea2c8cc3ea3b5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2410b856f7f660376cf8b6704bd9c9dc5a29fa970d0a5d87b9e7a06d5498eb50","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:43:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a08ae6a75620bf16a25363e154e852e55a7ff7be29e6d8306e852bc9d355e26e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.18100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f7e3a8dd1af4637ccf63afdf438d5b599f9c11bcd762b47dc2aef08cc203bfb9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f7e3a8dd1af4637ccf63afdf438d5b599f9c11bcd762b47dc2aef08cc203bfb9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588488Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588488Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"p/Fl7u6B+UY27B0iUNtuM1jz/CVOcRDS2q/ZhbPqaJ5dA1ihbnOdTBpj8Kpp8kFMs3zNtxXhkMeKT6YH2potAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:50:56.588832Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.18100","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d93bc432f2108f7e39ff209c166f7ca73cbdf815283588de290ea2c8cc3ea3b5","sha256:2e3bd75db5738d825cbd48fe7cba007e340718da1fabe01da6b2b0e2934aff6d"],"state_sha256":"2fa42f331ae545a7afe946d23499f9106a4358025aa67429ee2d6278149ccdd9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E/3meppFmtQ6b0LCsBSfabdaynvh651vdKQnykoI7KkChtxcvhcB129ZeSjJJGx/Rm9dRYm0gumwNvTMN/+YBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T17:50:46.307753Z","bundle_sha256":"32358957ece0230008ed5bdf4c565d9373f531c0c42a0643be540d490395262f"}}