{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD","short_pith_number":"pith:6AAAFDDH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b1aeb62bbc3499444f6a80e992e3d7a544f4f63abf04524ea9dbe242430a111f","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bead09bf878882dbb30dd7269f995f490ba9565e8dd848d9ed6f7a00276ee4b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f000028c67dcb2e82e3318329a6d46b0e4c4ee53ed6b3d4a89ad33547b5487f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.10198","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.10198","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.10198v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.10198","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH3SZO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b1aeb62bbc3499444f6a80e992e3d7a544f4f63abf04524ea9dbe242430a111f","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bead09bf878882dbb30dd7269f995f490ba9565e8dd848d9ed6f7a00276ee4b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f000028c67dcb2e82e3318329a6d46b0e4c4ee53ed6b3d4a89ad33547b5487f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282975Z","signature_b64":"O50fh5z354c2WDWN9m/BDq8U1WnyJ2yM0Chjsp2Erpvx5cgQ8fTCdojH/3v2c98VUqTrXygCbZYvlGJ0dwcqAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f000028c67dcb2e82e3318329a6d46b0e4c4ee53ed6b3d4a89ad33547b5487f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282634Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282634Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.10198","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w5I91xzhw7wcN+NobEToJgvJylBt3gzJGzSYyK11NWSmO6uCPGg0/FWGx4C5tfgcvgbqjR/szgk0zzHqxKDqCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:22:20.904884Z"},"content_sha256":"7768a327de297f6940d68ab402cc1f1b1a0e7ed61dd9ddbe8e9c1f0c71678b70","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7768a327de297f6940d68ab402cc1f1b1a0e7ed61dd9ddbe8e9c1f0c71678b70"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"HiRA: Hidden Row Activation for Reducing Refresh Latency of Off-the-Shelf DRAM Chips","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.AR","authors_text":"Abdullah Giray Ya\\u{g}l{\\i}k\\c{c}{\\i}, Ataberk Olgun, Haocong Luo, Hasan Hassan, Lois Orosa, Minesh Patel, Onur Mutlu, O\\u{g}uz Ergin","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"DRAM is the building block of modern main memory systems. DRAM cells must be periodically refreshed to prevent data loss. Refresh operations degrade system performance by interfering with memory accesses. As DRAM chip density increases with technology node scaling, refresh operations also increase because: 1) the number of DRAM rows in a chip increases; and 2) DRAM cells need additional refresh operations to mitigate bit failures caused by RowHammer, a failure mechanism that becomes worse with technology node scaling. Thus, it is critical to enable refresh operations at low performance overhea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.10198/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6smbU3BCzEy5+qOz12H0X0bMG94ZjjnTTgFMCt0p9znpeI5VwvRl393mWsk0r7T0JkQOehszXOoftpfBeyifCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:22:20.905875Z"},"content_sha256":"aa129f3f01085eb8bb4d2a12d2f4510a00633cf5d1827bce97f4a9eae67d9c6d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa129f3f01085eb8bb4d2a12d2f4510a00633cf5d1827bce97f4a9eae67d9c6d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T20:22:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRTDAZJU3KGWD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bead09bf878882dbb30dd7269f995f490ba9565e8dd848d9ed6f7a00276ee4b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1aeb62bbc3499444f6a80e992e3d7a544f4f63abf04524ea9dbe242430a111f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.10198","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.10198v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.10198","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH3SZO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH3SZOQLRT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6AAAFDDH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aa129f3f01085eb8bb4d2a12d2f4510a00633cf5d1827bce97f4a9eae67d9c6d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.10198/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"DRAM is the building block of modern main memory systems. DRAM cells must be periodically refreshed to prevent data loss. Refresh operations degrade system performance by interfering with memory accesses. As DRAM chip density increases with technology node scaling, refresh operations also increase because: 1) the number of DRAM rows in a chip increases; and 2) DRAM cells need additional refresh operations to mitigate bit failures caused by RowHammer, a failure mechanism that becomes worse with technology node scaling. Thus, it is critical to enable refresh operations at low performance overhea","authors_text":"Abdullah Giray Ya\\u{g}l{\\i}k\\c{c}{\\i}, Ataberk Olgun, Haocong Luo, Hasan Hassan, Lois Orosa, Minesh Patel, Onur Mutlu, O\\u{g}uz Ergin","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","title":"HiRA: Hidden Row Activation for Reducing Refresh Latency of Off-the-Shelf DRAM Chips"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7768a327de297f6940d68ab402cc1f1b1a0e7ed61dd9ddbe8e9c1f0c71678b70","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bead09bf878882dbb30dd7269f995f490ba9565e8dd848d9ed6f7a00276ee4b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2022-09-21T08:51:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1aeb62bbc3499444f6a80e992e3d7a544f4f63abf04524ea9dbe242430a111f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.10198","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f000028c67dcb2e82e3318329a6d46b0e4c4ee53ed6b3d4a89ad33547b5487f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f000028c67dcb2e82e3318329a6d46b0e4c4ee53ed6b3d4a89ad33547b5487f4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282634Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282634Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"O50fh5z354c2WDWN9m/BDq8U1WnyJ2yM0Chjsp2Erpvx5cgQ8fTCdojH/3v2c98VUqTrXygCbZYvlGJ0dwcqAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:59:46.282975Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.10198","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7768a327de297f6940d68ab402cc1f1b1a0e7ed61dd9ddbe8e9c1f0c71678b70","sha256:aa129f3f01085eb8bb4d2a12d2f4510a00633cf5d1827bce97f4a9eae67d9c6d"],"state_sha256":"1df23abd77cbfad234f91cd263ff1ac0e05df680cb3b94fa7d7b70ebbbd0de6b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H4STxr4oZTS2STHiNmn98fJOV17iPKlkR70n0A6UpdsdjZts+w1NfDnYWCii4FSruLagStntY24s2e6r34nnBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:22:20.912495Z","bundle_sha256":"749b887388361c9b6a96f673e514449bda4bd3ef1d8a8e6b0a1532d3b746211d"}}